{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bond","code":"thing-bond","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/bond/","name":"bond","alternateNames":["bond issue","convertible bond","corporate bond","coupon bond","bearer bond","government bond","junk bond","high-yield bond","municipal bond","noncallable bond","performance bond","surety bond"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"noun.possession","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ECO"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":["document"],"facets":{"substance":"social","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["readable"]}},"whatItIs":"A certificate of debt, usually interest-bearing or discounted, issued by a government or company promising to repay the principal at maturity, such as government, corporate, convertible and coupon bonds.","purpose":"Let an agent explain bonds factually by issuer, type, coupon, maturity, rating and risks, without personal investment advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Debt security","Fixed or floating coupon","Price and yield move inversely","Credit and interest-rate risk"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"terms","name":"Terms","description":"Which bond.","layers":[{"id":"issue","name":"Issue","description":"Issuer and ISIN.","findings":[{"id":"issue-finding","name":"Issue","description":"Bond identity.","questions":[{"text":"Who issued the bond, and what is its ISIN?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What type is it?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"cashflows","name":"Cash flows","description":"Coupon and maturity.","findings":[{"id":"cashflows-finding","name":"Cashflows","description":"Cash flows.","questions":[{"text":"What are its coupon and maturity?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is it callable or convertible?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"valuation","name":"Valuation","description":"Price and yield.","layers":[{"id":"yield","name":"Yield","description":"Computation.","findings":[{"id":"yield-finding","name":"Yield","description":"Yield.","questions":[{"text":"What yield does this price imply?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which yield measure is used?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"rating","name":"Rating","description":"Credit quality.","findings":[{"id":"rating-finding","name":"Rating","description":"Credit rating.","questions":[{"text":"What rating does it have, from which agency?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"When was it last reviewed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"risks","name":"Risks","description":"What can go wrong.","layers":[{"id":"credit","name":"Credit risk","description":"Default.","findings":[{"id":"credit-finding","name":"Credit","description":"Credit risk.","questions":[{"text":"What happens if the issuer defaults?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Where does the bond rank?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"rates","name":"Rate risk","description":"Interest rates.","findings":[{"id":"rates-finding","name":"Rates","description":"Interest-rate risk.","questions":[{"text":"How would rising rates affect its price?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What is its duration?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"limits","name":"Limits","description":"No advice.","layers":[{"id":"advice","name":"Advice","description":"Boundary.","findings":[{"id":"advice-finding","name":"Advice","description":"Advice limit.","questions":[{"text":"Is the user asking whether to buy this bond?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should the agent respond and refer?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"protection","name":"Protection","description":"Investor rights.","findings":[{"id":"protection-finding","name":"Protection","description":"Investor protection.","questions":[{"text":"Which investor protections and prospectus rules apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where can complaints go?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how bonds work, their terms, yields and risks in general terms.","Report bond data from official and market sources with dates."],"mustNot":["Buy, sell or transfer bonds on someone's behalf without explicit authority.","Give personalised investment advice as if a licensed adviser.","Misrepresent a bond's credit risk, terms or issuer.","Spread false information to move bond prices."],"requiresHuman":["Any trade or transfer of a bond."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Mis-sold bonds have cost savers their pensions.","Sovereign debt affects whole populations through austerity or default."],"affectedParties":["Investors and savers","Taxpayers","Issuers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The bondholder owns it; the issuer owes it; securities regulators supervise the market.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Central securities depositories","Securities regulators' prospectus registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13419414-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"oewn-13437518-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"security","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"government or company","type":"related","note":"issuer"},{"target":"interest","type":"related","note":"income"},{"target":"chemical bond and bail bond","type":"related","note":"other senses"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bond","Open English WordNet: oewn-13438583-n","ISIN: ISO 6166 code securities identifier"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["ISIN, issuer, coupon and maturity","Types such as government or convertible","Chemical bonds and bail bonds are other senses","Certificates or, now mostly, electronic securities records."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain bond terms","look up issuer and ratings","compute yield from price and coupon","understand investor protections"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Default risk","Interest-rate risk","Personal investment advice by the agent","Mis-selling complex bonds"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EU Prospectus Regulation","Securities law and disclosure rules","ICMA Green Bond Principles"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Raising debt finance for issuers and providing fixed-income investments.","government bonds","corporate bonds","convertible bonds","zero-coupon bonds","green and social bonds"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13438583-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13438583-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: bond","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bond","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should bond types be separate entries?","How should ISINs be linked?","How should other senses be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-bond/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-bond/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T07:40:03Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}