{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.boundary","code":"thing-boundary","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/boundary/","name":"boundary","alternateNames":["hairline","frontier","heliopause","bound","bounds","boundary line","border","borderline","delimitation","mete","bourn","bourne"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.location","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"place","origin":"natural","agency":"inert","mobility":"fixed","scale":"geographic","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"The line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something, whether a physical edge such as a property line, a frontier between territories, a coastline or the heliopause at the edge of the heliosphere, or an abstract limit such as the bounds of a set, a discipline or acceptable behaviour; boundaries separate and define regions and are drawn, disputed, marked and crossed in geography, law, mathematics, science and social life.","purpose":"Let an agent explain boundaries as limits of extent across physical, legal, mathematical and social domains, describe how boundaries are defined, marked and disputed, support questions about specific kinds of boundary, and separate this sense from others.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Defines extent","Separates regions","Can be marked or abstract","Subject to dispute"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a boundary is.","layers":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"Concept and kinds.","findings":[{"id":"concept-finding","name":"Concept","description":"Concept.","questions":[{"text":"What is a boundary, and how do physical, political, mathematical and social boundaries differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which kind of boundary is meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Defining boundaries.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"How are boundaries defined, surveyed and marked in law and geography?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits land surveying?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Boundaries in practice.","layers":[{"id":"property","name":"Property","description":"Property boundaries.","findings":[{"id":"property-finding","name":"Property","description":"Property.","questions":[{"text":"How can a property boundary be established from records and surveys, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is legal advice needed from a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"political","name":"Political","description":"Frontiers and borders.","findings":[{"id":"political-finding","name":"Political","description":"Political.","questions":[{"text":"How are international boundaries established and disputed, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"Boundaries in science and mathematics.","layers":[{"id":"natural","name":"Natural","description":"Natural boundaries.","findings":[{"id":"natural-finding","name":"Natural","description":"Natural.","questions":[{"text":"What natural boundaries such as coastlines, watersheds and the heliopause exist, and how are they defined?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific natural boundary?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"mathematics","name":"Mathematics","description":"Mathematical boundaries.","findings":[{"id":"mathematics-finding","name":"Mathematics","description":"Mathematics.","questions":[{"text":"How is the boundary of a set or region defined in topology and geometry?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits topology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Language and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"language","name":"Language","description":"Senses and figurative use.","findings":[{"id":"language-finding","name":"Language","description":"Language.","questions":[{"text":"How do boundary, border, limit, bound and frontier differ in usage, including personal boundaries?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can the concept of boundary be taught across subjects?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe a boundary, such as a property line or frontier, from the official record that defines it.","Flag where records of a boundary disagree."],"mustNot":["Present a disputed border or property line as settled without saying it is disputed.","Move, remove or damage boundary markers.","Guide people across a closed or restricted frontier unlawfully.","Change boundary data in a register without authority."],"requiresHuman":["Settling or publishing a position on a disputed boundary."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Boundaries decide ownership, citizenship and safety; disputes over them cause conflict.","Errors in property lines can cost families their land."],"affectedParties":["Landowners and neighbours","People in border areas","Communities in disputed territory"]},"owners":{"steward":"The landowners or states on either side; land registries and survey authorities record it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Land registry or cadastre"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-08586507-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"line","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"fence","type":"related","note":"a structure marking property boundaries"},{"target":"historical country","type":"related","note":"former political boundaries"},{"target":"binary relation","type":"related","note":"boundaries in mathematical structures"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.boundary","Open English WordNet: oewn-08529331-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Limit or extent of something","Property lines, frontiers, natural edges, abstract bounds","A border is a political boundary; a margin is a zone near an edge; a barrier blocks passage","Lines on maps, markers on the ground, or abstract limits."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the concept","describe definition and marking","support kind-specific questions","separate other senses"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Boundary disputes","Confusing senses of boundary","Imprecise or ambiguous limits"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Land survey and cadastral standards","International boundary treaties","Mathematical definitions of boundary"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Lines or planes marking limits.","property and administrative boundaries","political frontiers and borders","natural and physical boundaries such as coastlines and the heliopause","mathematical boundaries of sets and regions","social and personal boundaries"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-08529331-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-08529331-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: boundary","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boundary","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should political borders be a separate entry?","How should cadastral resources be linked?","How should mathematical definitions be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-boundary/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-boundary/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T05:28:14Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-08T18:54:34+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"A boundary is a limit defined for a particular region or concept and has no shared intrinsic physical properties across its physical and abstract senses."},"score":1.0}}