{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.coefficient","code":"thing-coefficient","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/coefficient/","name":"coefficient","alternateNames":["absorption coefficient","coefficient of absorption","absorptance","drag coefficient","coefficient of drag","coefficient of friction","coefficient of mutual induction","mutual inductance","coefficient of self induction","self-inductance","modulus","coefficient of elasticity"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"noun.quantity","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QTY"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"abstract","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"A constant number that measures some property or characteristic of a material or system, such as the absorption coefficient, drag coefficient, coefficient of friction or coefficient of thermal expansion; in algebra, also the numerical factor of a term.","purpose":"Let an agent handle coefficients by property, definition, units, measurement conditions and sources, and separate the algebraic sense.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Characterises a property","Depends on conditions","Measured experimentally","Used in design equations"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"value","name":"Value","description":"Which coefficient.","layers":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"Property.","findings":[{"id":"identify-finding","name":"Identify","description":"Coefficient identity.","questions":[{"text":"Which coefficient is meant, and for which property?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are its symbol and units?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"lookup","name":"Lookup","description":"Data.","findings":[{"id":"lookup-finding","name":"Lookup","description":"Reference value.","questions":[{"text":"What value applies for these materials and conditions?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"From which reference source?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"measurement","name":"Measurement","description":"Testing.","layers":[{"id":"method","name":"Method","description":"Test standard.","findings":[{"id":"method-finding","name":"Method","description":"Test method.","questions":[{"text":"Which standard test method measures it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What conditions are specified?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"uncertainty","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Variation.","findings":[{"id":"uncertainty-finding","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Uncertainty.","questions":[{"text":"How much does the value vary between samples or conditions?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is a safety factor needed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Calculations.","layers":[{"id":"equation","name":"Equation","description":"Applying it.","findings":[{"id":"equation-finding","name":"Equation","description":"Application.","questions":[{"text":"How is the coefficient used in this calculation?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Are units consistent?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Engineering.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design use.","questions":[{"text":"Is the value appropriate for a safety-critical design?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Should an engineer review it?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"algebra","name":"Algebra","description":"Numerical factor.","findings":[{"id":"algebra-finding","name":"Algebra","description":"Algebraic sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is the numerical factor of an algebraic term meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"statistics","name":"Statistics","description":"Correlation coefficient.","findings":[{"id":"statistics-finding","name":"Statistics","description":"Statistical sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is a statistical coefficient such as correlation meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report coefficients with their units, conditions and source.","Check that a coefficient applies to the material and conditions in question."],"mustNot":["Use a coefficient outside the conditions it was measured for without saying so.","Mix units or conventions between sources.","Present an estimated coefficient as a measured one."],"requiresHuman":["Using coefficients in safety-critical design such as brakes, structures or heat shields."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Engineering safety depends on correct material properties."],"affectedParties":["Engineers and designers","Users of products and structures"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; whoever publishes a value answers for it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13606632-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"physical constant or parameter","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"engineering calculation","type":"related","note":"application"},{"target":"experiment","type":"related","note":"method"},{"target":"equilibrium constant","type":"related","note":"related quantity"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.coefficient","Open English WordNet: oewn-13607325-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Symbols such as mu, Cd, alpha","Usually dimensionless or with specific units","Algebraic coefficients multiply variables","Not physical; numbers in tables and equations."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["look up coefficient values with conditions","use coefficients in calculations","understand how coefficients are measured","separate the algebraic sense"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Using values outside tested conditions","Unit errors"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Test standards for measuring coefficients such as ASTM and ISO methods"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Quantifying material and system behaviour in engineering and science.","friction coefficients","drag and lift coefficients","absorption and attenuation coefficients","thermal expansion coefficients","algebraic coefficients"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13607325-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13607325-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: coefficient","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coefficient","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should each coefficient be a separate entry?","How should data tables be linked?","How should the algebraic sense be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-coefficient/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-coefficient/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T11:51:59Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}