{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.commerce","code":"thing-commerce","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/commerce/","name":"commerce","alternateNames":["tourism","touristry","ecotourism","butchery","butchering","tax evasion","commercialism","mercantilism","e-commerce","initial public offering","IPO","initial offering"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"noun.act","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"activity","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"In the WordNet sense, transactions of sales and purchases having the objective of supplying commodities, goods and services, including wholesale and retail trade, international trade and electronic commerce, regulated by contract, consumer protection, competition and trade law; the registry aliases tourism, touristry and ecotourism name travel industries that involve commerce, butchery and butchering name a meat trade and processing activity, and tax evasion names an illegal act, so these appear loosely filed as hyponyms. Commerce is measured through trade statistics, and the model gives no guidance on evading tax.","purpose":"Let an agent explain commerce, relay forms, regulation and history from economics and trade sources, describe the named aliases and flag loosely filed ones, and distinguish commerce from industry as production, the economy as a whole, trade as a near-synonym and illegal activities such as tax evasion.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Exchange transactions","Markets","Regulated activity","Domestic and international"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What commerce is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is commerce, and how does it differ from industry, the economy, trade and illegal activity?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about business, consumer rights, trade policy or language?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"aliases","name":"Aliases","description":"Named aliases.","findings":[{"id":"aliases-finding","name":"Aliases","description":"Aliases.","questions":[{"text":"How do tourism, ecotourism and butchery relate to commerce, and why is tax evasion different?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific activity?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","layers":[{"id":"retail","name":"Retail","description":"Retail and wholesale.","findings":[{"id":"retail-finding","name":"Retail","description":"Retail.","questions":[{"text":"How do retail and wholesale commerce differ?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"ecommerce","name":"E-commerce","description":"Electronic commerce.","findings":[{"id":"ecommerce-finding","name":"E-commerce","description":"E-commerce.","questions":[{"text":"How has e-commerce changed buying and selling?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"regulation","name":"Regulation","description":"Regulation.","layers":[{"id":"consumer","name":"Consumer","description":"Consumer protection.","findings":[{"id":"consumer-finding","name":"Consumer","description":"Consumer.","questions":[{"text":"What consumer rights apply to purchases, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits consumer protection?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"trade","name":"Trade","description":"International trade rules.","findings":[{"id":"trade-finding","name":"Trade","description":"Trade.","questions":[{"text":"How do WTO rules govern international commerce?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits World Trade Organization?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of commerce.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did commerce develop from ancient trade routes to global markets?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits history of trade?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Trade debates.","findings":[{"id":"debates-finding","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","questions":[{"text":"What do economists argue about free trade and protectionism, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Process sales and purchases the operator has authorized, with clear prices and terms.","Explain general rules of trade, such as consumer rights, for the jurisdiction stated."],"mustNot":["Buy or sell on someone's behalf without their explicit approval.","Use hidden fees, fake scarcity or other deceptive selling practices.","Trade in goods that are illegal, counterfeit or subject to sanctions.","Collect or sell customers' personal data beyond what the transaction needs."],"requiresHuman":["Committing money, signing contracts or accepting terms of trade."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Commerce depends on trust, and deception harms buyers who cannot check every claim.","Trade rules decide who gains and who is excluded from markets."],"affectedParties":["Consumers","Small traders","Workers in supply chains"]},"owners":{"steward":"The parties to each transaction; trade and consumer authorities regulate commerce.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Company and business registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-01108713-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"transaction","type":"related","note":"in WordNet terms"},{"target":"e-commerce","type":"related"},{"target":"World Trade Organization","type":"related","note":"internationally"},{"target":"tax evasion","type":"related","note":"loosely filed alias"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.commerce","Open English WordNet: oewn-01092370-n","WordNet: oewn-01108713-n hypernym of commerce"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["WordNet hypernym: transaction note","WTO founded: 1995 year","e-commerce share of retail: rising, check current statistics note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Buying and selling of goods and services","Tourism, touristry, ecotourism, butchery, butchering, tax evasion","Industry produces goods; the economy includes all activity; trade overlaps with commerce; tax evasion is a crime","Not a single appearance; seen in shops, markets, ports and online stores."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain forms of commerce","relay regulation","describe named aliases","flag loosely filed aliases"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Giving tax evasion guidance","Loosely filed aliases","Stale trade statistics"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Consumer protection and contract law","Competition law","WTO agreements"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Exchanging goods and services.","retail and wholesale commerce","international trade","electronic commerce","service commerce such as tourism"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["The registry aliases tourism, butchery and tax evasion should be moved to their own entries","Should e-commerce be linked separately?","How should trade statistics be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-commerce/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-commerce/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T00:09:12Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.938}}