{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.conduction","code":"thing-conduction","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/conduction/","name":"conduction","alternateNames":["photoconductivity","photoconduction","superconductivity","brush discharge","corona discharge","corona","corposant","St. Elmo's fire","Saint Elmo's fire","Saint Elmo's light","Saint Ulmo's fire","Saint Ulmo's light"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.phenomenon","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.FLW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"energy","origin":"natural","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"The transmission of heat, electricity or sound through a material without bulk movement of the material itself, including electrical conduction, thermal conduction, photoconduction and superconductivity, and related discharges.","purpose":"Let an agent handle conduction by type, material properties, quantities and safety.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Transfer without bulk motion","Heat, electricity or sound","Material property: conductivity","Superconductivity has zero resistance"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Which conduction.","layers":[{"id":"kind","name":"Kind","description":"Heat, electricity, sound.","findings":[{"id":"kind-finding","name":"Kind","description":"Conduction type.","questions":[{"text":"Which kind of conduction is meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Through which material?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"mechanism","name":"Mechanism","description":"Carriers.","findings":[{"id":"mechanism-finding","name":"Mechanism","description":"Mechanism.","questions":[{"text":"What carries the energy or charge?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does temperature affect it?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Conductivity.","layers":[{"id":"conductivity","name":"Conductivity","description":"Values.","findings":[{"id":"conductivity-finding","name":"Conductivity","description":"Conductivity.","questions":[{"text":"What is the conductivity of this material?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"From which data source?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"comparison","name":"Comparison","description":"Conductors vs insulators.","findings":[{"id":"comparison-finding","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison.","questions":[{"text":"Is it a conductor, semiconductor or insulator?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does it compare?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Engineering.","layers":[{"id":"heat","name":"Heat transfer","description":"Insulation and sinks.","findings":[{"id":"heat-finding","name":"Heat","description":"Thermal design.","questions":[{"text":"How much heat is conducted through this layer?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How can it be reduced or increased?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"electrical","name":"Electrical","description":"Conductors.","findings":[{"id":"electrical-finding","name":"Electrical","description":"Electrical design.","questions":[{"text":"Is the conductor sized for the current?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which standard applies?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Shock and heat.","layers":[{"id":"shock","name":"Shock","description":"Conductive paths.","findings":[{"id":"shock-finding","name":"Shock","description":"Shock risk.","questions":[{"text":"Could a person become part of a conductive path?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is it prevented?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"superconductors","name":"Superconductors","description":"Cryogenics.","findings":[{"id":"superconductors-finding","name":"Superconductors","description":"Superconductor safety.","questions":[{"text":"What cryogenic and magnetic hazards apply?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who is trained?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain conduction of heat, electricity and sound with sources.","Measure and report conductivity and temperatures for an authorized task."],"mustNot":["Touch or work on conductors that may be live without isolation.","Advise contact with hot surfaces or conductive materials in unsafe conditions.","Remove insulation or earthing that protects people."],"requiresHuman":["Working on electrical installations."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Electric shock and burns from conduction injure and kill.","Thermal performance of homes affects health and energy poverty."],"affectedParties":["Workers","Occupants","Children"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; the owner of each installation answers for its safety.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-11439518-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"physical phenomenon","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"conductivity","type":"related","note":"property"},{"target":"convection and radiation","type":"related","note":"heat transfer modes"},{"target":"electricity and heat","type":"related","note":"quantities"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.conduction","Open English WordNet: oewn-11533251-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["copper electrical conductivity: about 5.96 x 10^7 S/m - at 20 C","copper thermal conductivity: about 400 W/(m K)"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Conductivity values","Conductors and insulators","Corona discharge is visible glow around conductors","Not visible; seen through heating, current flow or sound transmission."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["measure conductivity","choose conductors and insulators","design heat transfer","use superconductors in magnets"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electric shock through conductive paths","Burns from hot conductors","Corona losses and interference"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IEC 60228 conductors of insulated cables","Thermal conductivity test standards such as ISO 8302"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Explaining how heat, current and sound pass through materials.","electrical conduction","thermal conduction","acoustic conduction","photoconduction","superconductivity"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-11533251-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-11533251-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: conduction","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conduction","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should conduction types be separate entries?","How should conductivity data be linked?","How should discharge phenomena be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-conduction/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-conduction/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T07:40:03Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}