{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.flow-process","code":"thing-flow-process","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/flow-process/","name":"flow","alternateNames":["slipstream","airstream","race","backwash","wash","turbulent flow","streamline flow","laminar flow","filling","flowage","inflow","influx"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"noun.process","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"activity","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"Any uninterrupted stream or discharge, especially the continuous movement of a fluid such as water, air or gas, described by its rate, velocity and regime (laminar or turbulent).","purpose":"Let an agent describe a flow by medium, rate, regime and measurement method, and point to flow measurement standards.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A continuous movement, not a single displacement.","Laminar flow is orderly; turbulent flow is chaotic.","Flow rate is volume or mass per unit time; velocity is distance per unit time."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"description","name":"Description","description":"What flows and how.","layers":[{"id":"medium","name":"Medium","description":"Liquid, gas, granular.","findings":[{"id":"medium","name":"Medium","description":"What is flowing.","questions":[{"text":"What medium is flowing?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"At what temperature and pressure?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"regime","name":"Regime","description":"Laminar or turbulent.","findings":[{"id":"regime","name":"Regime","description":"Reynolds number and behaviour.","questions":[{"text":"Is the flow laminar or turbulent?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What is the Reynolds number?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"quantities","name":"Quantities","description":"Measuring the flow.","layers":[{"id":"rate-and-velocity","name":"Rate and velocity","description":"Volumetric and mass rates.","findings":[{"id":"flow-rate","name":"Flow rate","description":"Q = A x mean velocity; mass flow = density x Q for uniform density.","questions":[{"text":"What is the flow rate?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is it volumetric or mass flow?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"variation","name":"Variation","description":"Steady or changing.","findings":[{"id":"time-variation","name":"Time variation","description":"Changes over time.","questions":[{"text":"Is the flow steady?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How does it vary over time?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"measurement","name":"Measurement","description":"How it is measured.","layers":[{"id":"instruments","name":"Instruments","description":"Flow meters and gauges.","findings":[{"id":"instrument","name":"Instrument","description":"Meter type and standard.","questions":[{"text":"Which instrument measured it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which standard applies?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"uncertainty","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Accuracy.","findings":[{"id":"uncertainty","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Measurement uncertainty.","questions":[{"text":"What is the uncertainty?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"When was the meter calibrated?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Where the flow occurs.","layers":[{"id":"natural-flows","name":"Natural flows","description":"Rivers, air, ocean.","findings":[{"id":"natural-flow","name":"Natural flow","description":"Setting and data source.","questions":[{"text":"Which river or air mass is involved?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which monitoring network reports it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"engineered-flows","name":"Engineered flows","description":"Pipes and ducts.","findings":[{"id":"system","name":"System","description":"Pipe or duct system.","questions":[{"text":"Which system carries the flow?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are its design limits?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["describe and calculate flows","point to standards"],"mustNot":["give engineering sign-off for hydraulic systems","advise entering fast-flowing water"],"requiresHuman":["design approval of pressure and flood-protection systems"]},"ethics":{"considerations":["water safety"],"affectedParties":["people near water","engineers"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody; a physical phenomenon","roles":[],"masterSystems":["hydrological monitoring networks"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13540166-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"fluid dynamics","type":"related","note":"science of flow"},{"target":"flow meter","type":"related","note":"instrument"},{"target":"Reynolds number","type":"related","note":"regime indicator"},{"target":"current","type":"related","note":"a specific moving body of water or air"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.flow-process","Open English WordNet: oewn-13503533-n","unit: m3/s, L/min, kg/s volumetric and mass flow rate"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Reynolds number for pipe flow transition: about 2300-4000 - Re = rho v D / mu with mean velocity and inner diameter; laminar below about 2300, turbulent above about 4000; depends on inlet conditions; not universal for other geometries"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Smooth layered motion in laminar flow","Eddies and mixing in turbulent flow","Visible in moving water, smoke or streams; often invisible for gases."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe a flow by its rate and regime","convert flow-rate units","estimate the regime from the Reynolds number","name measurement methods and standards"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Floods and strong currents","Erosion","High-pressure jets and pipe failures"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 5167 flow measurement by differential pressure devices in full circular conduits (ISO)","ISO 4064 meters for cold potable water and hot water (ISO)"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Moving matter and energy, in nature and in engineered systems such as pipes, rivers and ventilation.","laminar flow","turbulent flow","steady and unsteady flow","open-channel flow","pipe flow","airflow and slipstream","inflow and outflow across a boundary","filling and backwash"]}},"sources":[{"title":"14.7 Viscosity and Turbulence","url":"https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/14-7-viscosity-and-turbulence","note":"laminar and turbulent flow"},{"title":"How Streamflow is Measured","url":"https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/how-streamflow-measured","note":"flow measurement"},{"title":"ISO 5167-1:2022","url":"https://www.iso.org/standard/79179.html","note":"flow measurement by pressure differential devices"},{"title":"ISO 4064-1:2024","url":"https://www.iso.org/standard/80868.html","note":"water meters"}],"openQuestions":["The registry merges many specific flow terms; which deserve separate entries?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-flow-process/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-flow-process/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-21T19:39:52Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-21T19:43:52+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}