{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.grass","code":"thing-grass","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/grass/","name":"grass","alternateNames":["beach grass","bunchgrass","bunch grass","midgrass","shortgrass","short-grass","sword grass","tallgrass","tall-grass","lemongrass","lemon grass","goat grass"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.plant","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":["plant"],"facets":{"substance":"living","origin":"natural","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"Grass is narrow-leaved herbaceous vegetation composed principally of plants in the family Poaceae, considered collectively as living ground cover or herbage grown for lawns, grazed as pasture, or harvested and dried as hay.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise grass as living herbage, assess its condition and suitability for lawn, grazing or hay use, and identify appropriate management actions.","scope":{"in":["Recognition of grass herbage and distinction from grass-like plants","Species composition and identification uncertainty within a grass stand","Growth, reproduction, seasonal activity and regrowth after cutting or grazing","Stand cover, biomass, rooting conditions and signs of stress","Suitability and management for lawns, pasture and hay production","The transition from standing grass to cut herbage intended for hay"],"out":["Complete taxonomic accounts and conservation assessments of individual grass species","Whole grassland ecosystems and their associated animal communities","Livestock health, complete diets and grazing enterprise economics","Detailed hay curing, storage, grading and trade after harvest","Cereal grain production, bamboo timber and other specialised grass-family products","Artificial turf and landscape construction systems"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Check leaf, sheath, stem-node and reproductive structures together when distinguishing grasses from sedges, rushes and other narrow-leaved plants; appearance alone leaves identification provisional.","Record whether the subject is herbage, an individual plant or a mixed stand; the common name grass does not establish a species identity.","Distinguish a lawn from pasture through intended use and management history, since short green cover alone does not establish either use.","Distinguish attached, living herbage from cut material and cured hay through harvest and drying state.","Treat green colour and narrow leaves as recognition clues rather than mandatory condition tests, so dormant, flowering or senescent grass remains representable."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"grass-identity-and-boundaries","name":"Grass identity and boundaries","description":"Establish what is being called grass and at which biological or material scale.","layers":[{"id":"botanical-recognition","name":"Botanical recognition","description":"Record evidence distinguishing grass from similar-looking vegetation.","findings":[{"id":"grass-identification-evidence","name":"Grass identification evidence","description":"Require observable identification evidence and allow unresolved grass-like plants to remain provisional.","questions":[{"text":"Which leaf, sheath, node or reproductive features support identifying this vegetation as grass rather than a sedge, rush or other narrow-leaved plant?","id":"grass-identification-evidence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who or what identified the grass, when, and from which specimen, photograph or identification resource?","id":"grass-identification-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"herbage-and-stand-boundaries","name":"Herbage and stand boundaries","description":"Separate individual plants, mixed stands and harvested material.","findings":[{"id":"observation-unit-and-composition","name":"Observation unit and composition","description":"Attach observations to an explicit plant, patch, stand or cut-material unit without implying that the unit contains one species.","questions":[{"text":"Does this record describe an individual grass plant, a bounded stand or cut herbage, and how is that unit delimited?","id":"observation-unit-and-composition-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which identified grasses, other plants and unresolved components occur within the unit, and how was their contribution estimated?","id":"observation-unit-and-composition-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"grass-growth-and-renewal","name":"Grass growth and renewal","description":"Represent establishment, seasonal development and recovery after herbage removal.","layers":[{"id":"seasonal-and-reproductive-development","name":"Seasonal and reproductive development","description":"Track the observed development of the grasses present.","findings":[{"id":"growth-stage-and-seasonal-activity","name":"Growth stage and seasonal activity","description":"Record active growth, reproduction, dormancy and senescence separately from simple greenness.","questions":[{"text":"What proportion of the grass is establishing, vegetative, flowering, seed-bearing, dormant or senescent at the observation date?","id":"growth-stage-and-seasonal-activity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What species-specific and local seasonal evidence is needed to distinguish dormancy from decline or death?","id":"growth-stage-and-seasonal-activity-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"defoliation-and-regrowth","name":"Defoliation and regrowth","description":"Relate mowing, grazing and cutting to subsequent recovery.","findings":[{"id":"removal-and-recovery-record","name":"Removal and recovery record","description":"Pair the amount and timing of herbage removal with observed regrowth and surviving cover.","questions":[{"text":"When was grass last mown, grazed or cut, and what residual height and cover remained?","id":"removal-and-recovery-record-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What measured regrowth and locally justified recovery criterion support another removal or a longer rest?","id":"removal-and-recovery-record-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"grass-site-and-condition","name":"Grass site and condition","description":"Connect the condition of grass cover to its growing environment and physical disturbance.","layers":[{"id":"root-zone-and-exposure","name":"Root zone and exposure","description":"Record the immediate conditions in which the grass grows.","findings":[{"id":"growing-condition-evidence","name":"Growing condition evidence","description":"Capture moisture, soil and exposure observations relevant to the grasses present.","questions":[{"text":"What root-zone moisture, drainage, soil condition and light exposure were measured or observed in the grass patch?","id":"growing-condition-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which site observations justify testing a watering, drainage, soil or shade explanation for the observed grass condition?","id":"growing-condition-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"cover-loss-and-damage","name":"Cover loss and damage","description":"Track bare patches, damaged foliage and disturbance without assuming their cause.","findings":[{"id":"grass-damage-pattern","name":"Grass damage pattern","description":"Describe the extent and spatial pattern of grass damage and distinguish symptoms from diagnosed causes.","questions":[{"text":"How much grass cover is thinning, discoloured, wilted, uprooted or otherwise damaged, and where are the affected patches?","id":"grass-damage-pattern-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What additional evidence is needed before attributing that pattern to trampling, cutting, water stress, pests or disease?","id":"grass-damage-pattern-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"grass-use-and-herbage-quality","name":"Grass use and herbage quality","description":"Evaluate standing grass against lawn, pasture and hay-production purposes.","layers":[{"id":"lawn-function","name":"Lawn function","description":"Assess grass as maintained ground cover for a stated lawn use.","findings":[{"id":"lawn-service-condition","name":"Lawn service condition","description":"Judge lawn grass using explicit expectations for cover, height, appearance and use-related wear.","questions":[{"text":"What lawn function is intended, and which cover, height and wear criteria define acceptable grass condition for it?","id":"lawn-service-condition-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Do current grass cover and recovery observations support mowing, reseeding, continued access or temporary rest?","id":"lawn-service-condition-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"pasture-and-hay-crop","name":"Pasture and hay crop","description":"Assess herbage availability and evidence of suitability for grazing or cutting.","findings":[{"id":"available-and-suitable-herbage","name":"Available and suitable herbage","description":"Keep biomass estimates separate from feed suitability and link the latter to relevant analyses and intended animals.","questions":[{"text":"How much standing dry matter is available above the proposed residual cutting or grazing height, and how was it sampled?","id":"available-and-suitable-herbage-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What composition, forage-analysis and contamination evidence is available to assess this grass for the intended grazing animals or hay use?","id":"available-and-suitable-herbage-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"grass-management-and-harvest","name":"Grass management and harvest","description":"Make grass-management decisions traceable and preserve identity when standing herbage is cut.","layers":[{"id":"intervention-selection-and-follow-up","name":"Intervention selection and follow-up","description":"Connect proposed grass treatments to an explicit problem and a measurable response.","findings":[{"id":"grass-management-decision","name":"Grass management decision","description":"Record why a particular intervention is appropriate for the stand, its intended use and its current growth conditions.","questions":[{"text":"Which observed grass condition supports mowing, grazing, resting, watering or reseeding, and what species or site constraints govern the choice?","id":"grass-management-decision-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which changes in height, cover, biomass or damage will be checked, and when, to evaluate the intervention?","id":"grass-management-decision-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"cut-herbage-handoff","name":"Cut herbage handoff","description":"Mark the transition from rooted vegetation to harvested herbage intended for hay.","findings":[{"id":"harvest-origin-and-material-state","name":"Harvest origin and material state","description":"Retain the source stand and cutting event while distinguishing freshly cut grass from material subsequently assessed as hay.","questions":[{"text":"From which grass stand and cutting event did this harvested herbage originate?","id":"harvest-origin-and-material-state-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"At what documented material state does the record transfer to the hay model, and which drying or storage questions remain with that model?","id":"harvest-origin-and-material-state-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify grasses and report species, condition and growth from inspection or records.","Mow, water and maintain grass areas on the keeper's instructions and within water rules."],"mustNot":["Apply pesticides or herbicides outside their label conditions or near water and pollinators.","Mow or strim where people, pets or ground-nesting birds may be hidden in the grass.","Overgraze pasture so that soil is left bare and erodes.","Burn grass or stubble where it is prohibited or where fire can spread."],"requiresHuman":["Applying chemicals to land, and decisions about grazing pressure.","Any controlled burning."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Grasslands feed livestock and store carbon, and intensive management costs biodiversity.","Water used on ornamental lawns competes with drinking and food needs in dry regions."],"affectedParties":["Grazing animals","Pollinators and ground-nesting wildlife","Neighbouring communities and water users"]},"owners":{"steward":"The landowner or occupier; agricultural and environmental authorities regulate land management.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-12122387-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.grass","Open English WordNet: oewn-12122650-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Observation subject: individual plant | patch | managed stand | cut herbage","Botanical composition: identified taxa with identification evidence, confidence and estimated contribution","Intended use: lawn | pasture | hay crop | multiple uses | unspecified","Canopy height: cm, with sampling method and date","Ground cover composition: percent grass cover, other vegetation, bare ground and litter using a stated method","Above-ground dry matter: kg dry matter/ha, with sampling area, cutting height and date","Growth and reproductive state: establishing | vegetative | flowering | seed-bearing | dormant | senescent | mixed","Root-zone moisture: volumetric water content (%) or a defined field moisture class, with depth and date","Defoliation history: dated mowing, grazing or cutting events with removal intensity and residual height","Stress and damage observations: observed discoloration, wilting, thinning, lesions, uprooting or trampling; extent and suspected cause recorded separately"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Narrow leaves with parallel veins growing from the base, jointed stems and spike or panicle flowers.","Species identification needs the flowering parts, not the leaves alone."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify or provisionally classify grass and document uncertainty about grass-like plants.","Survey grass cover, composition, growth stage and available herbage.","Assess suitability for lawn use, grazing or hay cutting against explicit local criteria.","Plan mowing, grazing, rest or harvest using growth state and removal history.","Evaluate whether watering, reseeding or restricted access is justified by observed conditions.","Track regrowth and stand recovery after management or damage."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dry grass fuels fast-spreading fires.","Some grasses cause hay fever, and seeds injure animals' ears and paws."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Regulation (EC) No 183/2005, issued by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, sets feed hygiene requirements relevant to grass produced as animal feed by businesses within its scope."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Grass occurs in lawns, parks, sports grounds, pastures and natural grasslands as living ground cover.","It is managed for grazing, hay production, recreation and soil protection according to its species and growing conditions."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-12122650-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-12122650-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: grass","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grass","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend grass to include sedges and other grass-like herbage under the common-language definition, or restrict botanical membership to Poaceae?","Which existing Vercy models already own grassland ecosystems, individual grass taxa, pasture and hay, and where should this entry link to avoid duplication?","Which identification authorities and dated taxonomic identifiers should be required when constituent grass species are resolved?","Which region-, species- and use-specific references should govern cutting height, grazing readiness, recovery periods and establishment targets?","Which forage tests and harvest-state criteria are required for the intended animals, climate and hay-production context?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-grass/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-grass/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T11:29:57Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}