{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.hand","code":"thing-hand","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/hand/","name":"hand","alternateNames":["manus","mitt","paw","fist","clenched fist","hooks","meat hooks","maulers","right","right hand","left","left hand"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.body","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"living","origin":"natural","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"The prehensile extremity of the upper or fore limb, in humans the hand and in other animals the forepaw or manus; the term also covers the hand as a clenched fist and informal names such as mitt.","purpose":"Let an agent handle the hand as a comparative-anatomy concept across species, linking to the human hand and to paws and manus in animals.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["End of the upper or fore limb","Varies across species","Prehensile in primates","Anatomical and informal names"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"anatomy","name":"Anatomy","description":"Structure.","layers":[{"id":"species","name":"Species","description":"Which animal.","findings":[{"id":"species-finding","name":"Species","description":"Species.","questions":[{"text":"In which species is the hand or paw meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which specific entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"digits","name":"Digits","description":"Fingers and claws.","findings":[{"id":"digits-finding","name":"Digits","description":"Digits.","questions":[{"text":"How many digits, and are they opposable?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Are there claws or nails?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"function","name":"Function","description":"Use.","layers":[{"id":"grasp","name":"Grasp","description":"Manipulation.","findings":[{"id":"grasp-finding","name":"Grasp","description":"Grasping.","questions":[{"text":"How is the hand or paw used to grasp?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What grips are possible?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"locomotion","name":"Locomotion","description":"Walking.","findings":[{"id":"locomotion-finding","name":"Locomotion","description":"Locomotion.","questions":[{"text":"Is it used for walking or climbing?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does that shape its form?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"evolution","name":"Evolution","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Limb evolution.","findings":[{"id":"origin-finding","name":"Origin","description":"Evolution.","questions":[{"text":"How did the vertebrate hand evolve, according to research?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which fossils show it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"primates","name":"Primates","description":"Opposable thumbs.","findings":[{"id":"primates-finding","name":"Primates","description":"Primate hands.","questions":[{"text":"What is special about primate hands?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How is tool use linked?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"language","name":"Language","description":"Words.","layers":[{"id":"terms","name":"Terms","description":"Paw, manus, mitt.","findings":[{"id":"terms-finding","name":"Terms","description":"Terms.","questions":[{"text":"Which word is appropriate in this context?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it formal or informal?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Other senses.","findings":[{"id":"senses-finding","name":"Senses","description":"Other senses.","questions":[{"text":"Is a clock hand, a hand of cards or a worker meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the anatomy and functions of the hand or forepaw in general terms.","Guide hand hygiene following public health advice."],"mustNot":["Diagnose hand injuries or advise treatment instead of a clinician.","Collect or match fingerprints and palm prints without consent or legal basis.","Operate machinery near a person's hands without guards or stop controls.","Mock or stigmatise people with hand differences."],"requiresHuman":["Treatment of serious hand injuries.","Use of hand biometrics for identification."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hand injuries at work are common and can end livelihoods.","Hand and finger prints are biometric data that can identify people."],"affectedParties":["Workers using machinery","People with hand differences","People whose prints are collected"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or animal whose hand it is.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-05574552-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"limb extremity","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"hand (human)","type":"related","note":"q33767"},{"target":"digit","type":"contains","note":"components"},{"target":"comparative anatomy","type":"related","note":"field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.hand","Open English WordNet: oewn-05572223-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Proximodistal length:  mm - Length is measured between defined wrist and distal digit landmarks with species and posture recorded.","Maximum breadth:  mm - Breadth is measured across defined anatomical landmarks with digit position and species recorded.","Digit joint range of motion:  degree - Angular movement is measured for a specified joint with the species and active or passive measurement condition recorded."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Digits at the end of the forelimb","Opposable thumb in primates","Paws in carnivores","An extremity with digits: a human hand, an ape hand, a paw or a manus."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["compare hands and paws across species","describe grips and gestures","link to human hand anatomy","understand evolution of the hand"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Duplicating the human hand entry","Confusing informal names"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Grasping, manipulation, locomotion in some animals, and communication.","human hands","primate hands","paws","manus of other vertebrates","fists and grips"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-05572223-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-05572223-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: hand","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hand","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should this lexical entry merge with the human hand entry?","How should animal extremities be linked?","How should symbolic uses be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-hand/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-hand/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T08:11:06Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}