{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.inflection","code":"thing-inflection","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/inflection/","name":"inflection","alternateNames":["inflexion","conjugation","declension","pluralization","pluralisation","masculine declension"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"noun.relation","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"abstract","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"A change in the form of a word, usually by adding an affix or changing the stem, to express grammatical categories such as tense, number, case, person or gender; includes conjugation, declension and pluralisation.","purpose":"Let an agent handle inflection by language, word class, category and pattern, for grammar, learning and language technology.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Changes form, not core meaning","Expresses grammatical categories","Varies greatly across languages","Organised in paradigms"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"form","name":"Form","description":"Which inflection.","layers":[{"id":"category","name":"Category","description":"Tense, number.","findings":[{"id":"category-finding","name":"Category","description":"Grammatical category.","questions":[{"text":"Which grammatical category does this form express?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"In which language?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"pattern","name":"Pattern","description":"Regular or irregular.","findings":[{"id":"pattern-finding","name":"Pattern","description":"Pattern.","questions":[{"text":"Is the form regular or irregular?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which reference grammar confirms it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Learners.","layers":[{"id":"rules","name":"Rules","description":"Patterns.","findings":[{"id":"rules-finding","name":"Rules","description":"Rules.","questions":[{"text":"Which rule produces this form?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What exceptions exist?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Exercises.","findings":[{"id":"practice-finding","name":"Practice","description":"Practice.","questions":[{"text":"Which exercises help learners master it?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which forms are most frequent?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"technology","name":"Technology","description":"Software.","layers":[{"id":"analysis","name":"Analysis","description":"Morphological analysis.","findings":[{"id":"analysis-finding","name":"Analysis","description":"Morphological analysis.","questions":[{"text":"Which tool can analyse or generate forms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How accurate is it?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Resources.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data resources.","questions":[{"text":"Which open datasets list inflected forms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Under which licence?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"voice","name":"Voice","description":"Pitch.","findings":[{"id":"voice-finding","name":"Voice","description":"Voice inflection.","questions":[{"text":"Is a change in voice pitch meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"maths","name":"Mathematics","description":"Inflection point.","findings":[{"id":"maths-finding","name":"Maths","description":"Mathematical sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is an inflection point of a curve meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Analyse and generate inflected forms for a language, following its described grammar.","Distinguish inflection from derivation and list irregular forms explicitly."],"mustNot":["Generate a regular form for a word that has an irregular one and present it as correct.","Apply the inflection of one language to another, or to a name that does not take it.","Force gendered forms on a person whose preferred forms are known.","Judge a speaker's intelligence or education from non-standard inflection."],"requiresHuman":["Choosing the inflected forms used for a person's name or pronouns in published text."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Grammar is used to mark people as outsiders; non-standard forms attract prejudice.","Inflected forms carry gender, so wrong choices misgender people."],"affectedParties":["Speakers of non-standard varieties","People whose names are inflected","Language learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: part of a language held in common; language bodies document the standard where one exists.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13818991-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"morphological process","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"paradigm","type":"related","note":"result"},{"target":"derivation","type":"related","note":"process"},{"target":"morphology","type":"related","note":"field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.inflection","Open English WordNet: oewn-13825994-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Suffixes such as -s, -ed","Conjugation and declension tables","Derivation creates new words, inflection does not","Word endings and stem changes in text and speech."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify inflected forms","explain grammatical categories","generate correct forms for learners","support morphological analysis in software"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ignoring irregular forms","Confusing inflection with derivation"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["UniMorph schema"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Encoding grammatical meaning in word forms.","conjugation","declension","pluralisation","agreement marking","tonal and internal inflection"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13825994-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13825994-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: inflection","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inflection","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should inflection types be separate entries?","How should language-specific data be linked?","How should pitch inflection in speech be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-inflection/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-inflection/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T09:42:29Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}