{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.information","code":"thing-information","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/information/","name":"information","alternateNames":["list","listing","ammunition","factoid","agenda","agendum","order of business","docket","order of the day","order paper","order book","network programming"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"noun.communication","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"information","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["readable"]}},"whatItIs":"A message received and understood, or more broadly the content that reduces uncertainty, answers a question or conveys knowledge, whether as facts, data, lists, agendas or reports, studied as a formal quantity in information theory, as recorded knowledge in information science, and as a social and legal good in debates over access, privacy and misinformation; in everyday use the word covers everything from a factoid to a full listing, and in some contexts information serves as ammunition in argument.","purpose":"Let an agent explain information in its everyday, technical and social senses, relay the main theories from information theory and information science, describe issues of quality, access and misinformation, and distinguish information from data, knowledge and wisdom.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Reduces uncertainty","Carried by messages","Formal measure","Social value"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What information is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Senses.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is information in everyday, technical and philosophical senses?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about information in general, a specific list or agenda, or a formal theory?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"hierarchy","name":"Hierarchy","description":"Data to wisdom.","findings":[{"id":"hierarchy-finding","name":"Hierarchy","description":"Hierarchy.","questions":[{"text":"How do data, information, knowledge and wisdom differ, and what critiques exist of that hierarchy, with attribution?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific concept?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Theories.","layers":[{"id":"shannon","name":"Shannon","description":"Information theory.","findings":[{"id":"shannon-finding","name":"Shannon","description":"Shannon.","questions":[{"text":"How does Shannon information theory measure information in bits and entropy?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"Information science.","findings":[{"id":"science-finding","name":"Science","description":"Science.","questions":[{"text":"How does information science study recording, organising and retrieving information?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits information science?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"society","name":"Society","description":"Information in society.","layers":[{"id":"access","name":"Access","description":"Access and rights.","findings":[{"id":"access-finding","name":"Access","description":"Access.","questions":[{"text":"What rights and laws govern access to public information and protection of personal information?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"quality","name":"Quality","description":"Quality and misinformation.","findings":[{"id":"quality-finding","name":"Quality","description":"Quality.","questions":[{"text":"How can information quality be assessed, and how do misinformation and disinformation spread, with research attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits misinformation?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and philosophy.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How has the concept of information developed from early records to the information age?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the information age?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"philosophy","name":"Philosophy","description":"Philosophy.","findings":[{"id":"philosophy-finding","name":"Philosophy","description":"Philosophy.","questions":[{"text":"What does the philosophy of information say about the nature of information?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits philosophy of information?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Record, index, retrieve and summarise information the agent is authorized to handle.","State the source, date and confidence of information it reports.","Explain information theory concepts and how information is measured."],"mustNot":["Present a guess, an inference or a generated statement as established fact.","Withhold or distort information a person is entitled to receive.","Combine information from separate sources to expose things about a person they did not disclose.","Retain information beyond the purpose and period it was given for."],"requiresHuman":["Disclosing information about identifiable people to third parties.","Deleting records that others rely on or that the law requires kept."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Control of information is control over people's choices, reputation and access to rights.","Aggregation turns harmless pieces into something that exposes a person."],"affectedParties":["People the information is about","People who depend on being informed","Record keepers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns information as such; each holder answers for the records in its keeping.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-06611268-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"message","type":"related","note":"in general terms, as understood content"},{"target":"bit","type":"related","note":"in information theory"},{"target":"data","type":"related","note":"as raw symbols"},{"target":"information science","type":"related","note":"and information theory"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.information","Open English WordNet: oewn-06646883-n","WordNet: oewn-06611268-n a message received and understood"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["unit of information: bit unit - Shannon 1948"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Message or content that informs","Facts, factoids, lists, listings, agendas, reports; information as a formal quantity","Data are raw symbols; knowledge is understood information; wisdom is judgement","Not a visible object; messages, documents, signals and displays."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain senses and theories","relay information theory basics","describe quality and access issues","distinguish from data and knowledge"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misinformation and disinformation","Information overload","Confusing senses of information","Privacy breaches"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Freedom of information laws","Data protection laws on personal information","Information security standards such as ISO 27001","Records management standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Reducing uncertainty and conveying knowledge.","everyday information such as facts, lists, listings and agendas","information as a measurable quantity in information theory","recorded information in documents and databases","personal information","public information and freedom of information","misinformation and disinformation as distortions"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-06646883-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-06646883-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: information","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/information","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should information theory and information science be the primary linked entries?","How should reference works be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming lists, agendas and figurative senses; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-information/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-information/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:51:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}