{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.liabilities","code":"thing-liabilities","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/liabilities/","name":"liabilities","alternateNames":["tax liability","payables","charge","encumbrance","incumbrance","accounts payable","short-term liability","contingent liability"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"noun.possession","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ECO"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"social","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"Anything owed to someone else, such as debts, payables, taxes owed and encumbrances, recorded on a balance sheet as obligations.","purpose":"Let an agent handle liabilities by type, amount, due date and creditor, give factual information, and signpost professional accounting advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Obligations to others","Current and non-current","Offset against assets","Contingent liabilities may arise"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity","name":"Identity","description":"What is owed.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Payable, loan, tax.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Type","description":"Liability type.","questions":[{"text":"What type of liability is it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"To whom is it owed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"amount","name":"Amount","description":"How much.","findings":[{"id":"amount-finding","name":"Amount","description":"Amount and due date.","questions":[{"text":"How much is owed, and when is it due?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is interest accruing?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"accounting","name":"Accounting","description":"Recognition.","layers":[{"id":"classification","name":"Classification","description":"Current or not.","findings":[{"id":"classification-finding","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"Is it current or non-current?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Under which standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"contingent","name":"Contingent","description":"Possible obligations.","findings":[{"id":"contingent-finding","name":"Contingent","description":"Contingent liabilities.","questions":[{"text":"Are there contingent liabilities?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How are they disclosed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"solvency","name":"Solvency","description":"Ability to pay.","layers":[{"id":"ratio","name":"Ratios","description":"Liquidity and leverage.","findings":[{"id":"ratio-finding","name":"Ratios","description":"Solvency ratios.","questions":[{"text":"What do liquidity and leverage ratios show?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is there a risk of insolvency?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"advice","name":"Advice","description":"Professional help.","findings":[{"id":"advice-finding","name":"Advice","description":"Where to get help.","questions":[{"text":"Where can the person or business get advice?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is this beyond what the agent should answer?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"settlement","name":"Settlement","description":"Paying off.","layers":[{"id":"payment","name":"Payment","description":"Schedules.","findings":[{"id":"payment-finding","name":"Payment","description":"Payment plan.","questions":[{"text":"How will it be settled?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Can terms be renegotiated?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"disputes","name":"Disputes","description":"Contested amounts.","findings":[{"id":"disputes-finding","name":"Disputes","description":"Disputes.","questions":[{"text":"Is the amount disputed?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is it resolved?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Record and report liabilities from the books it is authorized to keep.","Reconcile payables and flag overdue obligations to the responsible person."],"mustNot":["Hide, understate or move liabilities off the books to mislead.","Pay, cancel or sell a debt without authority.","Disclose a person's or company's debts beyond those entitled to know.","Pressure debtors in ways that are abusive or unlawful."],"requiresHuman":["Settling, writing off or restructuring a liability.","Reporting a debt to a credit agency."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hidden liabilities deceive investors, creditors and employees.","Debt can trap people; collection must be lawful and humane."],"affectedParties":["Creditors","People who owe the debts","Investors and employees"]},"owners":{"steward":"The debtor, whose accountant keeps the books; auditors and regulators check them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Company accounts filed with business registers","Credit reference registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-00032912-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"assets","type":"related","note":"balance sheet"},{"target":"debt","type":"related","note":"kinds"},{"target":"payment","type":"related","note":"settlement"},{"target":"financial statement","type":"related","note":"accounts"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.liabilities","Open English WordNet: oewn-13417227-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Balance sheet liability section","Accounts payable and tax liability lines","Encumbrances on property registers","Balance sheet lines, invoices due and loan statements."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["record them in accounts","pay or settle them","classify them as current or non-current","assess solvency"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Understated liabilities","Missed payments","Hidden contingent liabilities"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IFRS and national accounting standards","Insolvency law"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Showing what an organisation or person owes.","accounts payable","loans and debt","tax liabilities","provisions and contingent liabilities","encumbrances"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13417227-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13417227-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: liabilities","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liabilities","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should liability types be separate entries?","How should agents present balance sheets?","How should personal and business liabilities be separated?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-liabilities/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-liabilities/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T06:25:11Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}