{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.loss","code":"thing-loss","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/loss/","name":"loss","alternateNames":["tax benefit","tax break","nonpayment","default","nonremittal","delinquency","forfeit","forfeiture","business deduction","exemption","entertainment deduction","capital loss"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"noun.possession","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ECO"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"social","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"Something that is lost, especially a financial loss: a decrease in value, income or assets, such as a trading loss, a loss from default or nonpayment, or a tax loss that may be offset.","purpose":"Let an agent handle financial losses by type, measurement, accounting and tax treatment, and route bereavement or other senses appropriately.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Decrease in value or assets","Realised or unrealised","Accounting and tax rules apply","Many non-financial senses"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Which loss.","layers":[{"id":"kind","name":"Kind","description":"Trading, credit, insured.","findings":[{"id":"kind-finding","name":"Kind","description":"Loss type.","questions":[{"text":"What kind of loss is it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it realised or unrealised?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"amount","name":"Amount","description":"Measurement.","findings":[{"id":"amount-finding","name":"Amount","description":"Amount.","questions":[{"text":"How large is the loss, in which currency?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How was it measured?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"accounting","name":"Accounting","description":"Reporting.","layers":[{"id":"recognition","name":"Recognition","description":"Standards.","findings":[{"id":"recognition-finding","name":"Recognition","description":"Recognition.","questions":[{"text":"When is the loss recognised under the accounting standard?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is an impairment needed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"disclosure","name":"Disclosure","description":"Transparency.","findings":[{"id":"disclosure-finding","name":"Disclosure","description":"Disclosure.","questions":[{"text":"Is the loss disclosed properly?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"In which report?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"recovery","name":"Recovery","description":"Getting value back.","layers":[{"id":"insurance","name":"Insurance","description":"Claims.","findings":[{"id":"insurance-finding","name":"Insurance","description":"Insurance.","questions":[{"text":"Is the loss insured, and how is a claim made?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What evidence is needed?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"tax","name":"Tax","description":"Relief.","findings":[{"id":"tax-finding","name":"Tax","description":"Tax relief.","questions":[{"text":"Can the loss be offset for tax?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who can advise?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"other","name":"Other senses","description":"Grief, hearing, sport.","findings":[{"id":"other-finding","name":"Senses","description":"Other senses.","questions":[{"text":"Is bereavement, hearing loss or a sports defeat meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"support","name":"Support","description":"Grief.","findings":[{"id":"support-finding","name":"Support","description":"Support for grief.","questions":[{"text":"If bereavement is meant, where can support be found?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is the tone gentle?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Calculate and report a financial loss from records it is authorized to read.","Explain how a loss is recognised and, in general terms, how tax losses may be offset."],"mustNot":["Hide, delay or misstate a loss in accounts or reports to investors or authorities.","Shift a loss onto customers or counterparties by deception.","Present general information on loss relief as tax advice for a specific case.","Take risky positions to recover a loss without the owner's instruction."],"requiresHuman":["Writing off a debt or recognising a material loss in published accounts.","Claiming tax relief for a loss on someone's behalf."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Concealed losses can ruin savers, workers and creditors who relied on honest accounts.","Losses often fall on those with least power to absorb them."],"affectedParties":["Investors and savers","Employees","Creditors and customers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or business that bears it; auditors and tax authorities review how it is reported.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Company accounts filed with business registers","Tax authority records"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13273872-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"profit","type":"related","note":"result"},{"target":"accounting","type":"related","note":"practice"},{"target":"insurance","type":"related","note":"protection"},{"target":"bereavement","type":"related","note":"another sense"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.loss","Open English WordNet: oewn-13348698-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Negative results in profit and loss","Bad debt and default","Bereavement and hearing loss are other senses","Figures in accounts, statements and claims."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["measure and report losses","claim insurance","offset tax losses where allowed","recover debts"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hiding losses","Mixing realised and unrealised","Confusing senses"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IFRS 9 expected credit losses","National tax loss rules","Insurance contract law"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Recording and managing decreases in value.","operating and trading losses","credit losses from default","insured losses","tax losses and reliefs","unrealised losses"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13348698-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13348698-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: loss","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loss","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should loss types be separate entries?","How should bereavement be split off?","How should tax treatment be localised?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-loss/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-loss/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T07:21:51Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}