{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.modification","code":"thing-modification","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/modification/","name":"modification","alternateNames":["qualifying","limiting","restrictiveness","apposition"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"noun.relation","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"abstract","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"In grammar, the relation in which one word or phrase qualifies, limits or restricts the meaning of another, as when an adjective modifies a noun or an adverb modifies a verb, including restrictive and non-restrictive modification and apposition; the term also denotes changing something in general, treated as a separate sense.","purpose":"Let an agent analyse grammatical modification, identify modifiers and heads, explain restrictive versus non-restrictive uses and punctuation, and separate the general sense of modification.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Head and modifier","Restrictive or non-restrictive","Signalled by order and punctuation","Language-specific rules"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"analyse","name":"Analyse","description":"Finding modifiers.","layers":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"Which modifies which.","findings":[{"id":"identify-finding","name":"Identify","description":"Identification.","questions":[{"text":"Which word or phrase modifies which in this sentence?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it adjectival or adverbial?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"scope","name":"Scope","description":"Attachment ambiguity.","findings":[{"id":"scope-finding","name":"Scope","description":"Attachment.","questions":[{"text":"Is the modifier attachment ambiguous?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How can the sentence be rewritten to be clear?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"restrictive","name":"Restrictive","description":"Meaning and punctuation.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Restrictive or not.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Type","description":"Restrictive versus non-restrictive.","questions":[{"text":"Is this modifier restrictive or non-restrictive, and how does that change meaning?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which punctuation does the style guide require?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"apposition","name":"Apposition","description":"Appositives.","findings":[{"id":"apposition-finding","name":"Apposition","description":"Apposition.","questions":[{"text":"Is this an appositive, and is it restrictive?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How should it be punctuated?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"errors","name":"Errors","description":"Fixing problems.","layers":[{"id":"misplaced","name":"Misplaced","description":"Misplaced modifiers.","findings":[{"id":"misplaced-finding","name":"Misplaced","description":"Misplaced modifiers.","questions":[{"text":"Is a modifier misplaced or dangling in this sentence?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should it be fixed?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"stacking","name":"Stacking","description":"Stacked modifiers.","findings":[{"id":"stacking-finding","name":"Stacking","description":"Stacked modifiers.","questions":[{"text":"Are too many modifiers stacked before the noun?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How can the phrase be unpacked?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"general","name":"General","description":"Changing things.","findings":[{"id":"general-finding","name":"General","description":"General sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is modification meant as changing or altering something?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"languages","name":"Languages","description":"Other languages.","findings":[{"id":"languages-finding","name":"Languages","description":"Other languages.","questions":[{"text":"How does modification work in this language, such as adjective agreement or order?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which resources describe it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Analyse modifiers in sentences and explain their grammatical role.","Point out when a modifier makes a sentence ambiguous."],"mustNot":["Rewrite a legal or medical text in a way that changes what a modifier limits.","Present a contested grammatical analysis as the only correct one.","Mark speakers' dialects as wrong merely because they differ from a standard."],"requiresHuman":["Resolving modifier ambiguity in a contract or law that binds people."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["A misplaced modifier can change the meaning of a law, contract or instruction.","Language judgements can be used to belittle speakers of other varieties."],"affectedParties":["Readers and writers","Parties to documents","Language learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns grammar; it belongs to its speakers.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13818991-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"grammatical relation","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"apposition","type":"related","note":"kind of modification"},{"target":"theorem","type":"related","note":"other named abstract entity"},{"target":"syntax","type":"related","note":"field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.modification","Open English WordNet: oewn-13823013-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Adjectives before nouns, adverbs near verbs","Commas around non-restrictive clauses","Complements complete rather than modify","Not physical; relations between words in sentences."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify modifiers and what they modify","distinguish restrictive and non-restrictive modification","fix misplaced and dangling modifiers","separate the general sense of change"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ambiguity from misplaced modifiers","Wrong comma use","Confusing senses"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Style guides on punctuation of modifiers"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Grammar analysis, writing and language teaching.","adjectival modification","adverbial modification","relative clause modification","apposition","compound modification"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13823013-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13823013-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: modification","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modification","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should each modifier type be a separate entry?","How should language-specific rules be linked?","How should the general sense be split?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-modification/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-modification/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T15:32:53Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:27+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}