{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.motion","code":"thing-motion","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/motion/","name":"motion","alternateNames":["backhander","clip","knock","belt","rap","whack","whang","thwack","smack","smacking","slap","smacker"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"noun.act","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"activity","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"A kinematic change of a body's orientation or of the relative positions of its parts that leaves a reference location untranslated: for a rigid body, a displacement that keeps at least one point fixed and does not keep all body-fixed lines parallel to their initial orientations (Euler: every motion about a fixed point is a rotation about an axis through that point).","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise and assess changes of position within a retained location, and decide whether such motion may start, continue, change or stop.","scope":{"in":["The moving entity or part and the position that changes","The reference frame and criterion under which location remains unchanged","Changes of orientation, articulation or local position that satisfy the retained-location criterion","The motion's progression, rate, range and recurrence","Constraints and available interventions on the motion"],"out":["Relocation or travel in which the entity changes location","Routes and journeys between locations","The enduring identity and composition of the moving entity","Deformation whose recognition requires modelling changes of shape rather than position","The intention or task that motivates a motion","Forces and energy transfers as independently modelled phenomena"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["At least one positional quantity changes over an interval; occupying a position alone does not establish motion.","The location criterion remains satisfied throughout the assessed interval; returning to the starting location does not by itself qualify a trip as motion under this entry.","The moving subject is explicit: a part can change location even when the whole containing it remains in one location.","Rotation or articulation qualifies only when the recorded position representation captures that change and the location criterion remains satisfied.","An apparent change caused solely by moving the observer or changing coordinates is distinguished from a change relative to the declared reference frame."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"position-within-location","name":"Position within location","description":"Establishes what changes position and the sense in which its location stays unchanged.","layers":[{"id":"moving-subject-and-frame","name":"Moving subject and frame","description":"Identifies the subject of motion and the frame used to describe its positional change.","findings":[{"id":"subject-relative-position","name":"Subject-relative position","description":"Record the moving whole or part, the positional quantities tracked and the frame in which they change.","questions":[{"text":"Which entity or part changes position, and is that position represented by local coordinates, orientation or articulation?","id":"subject-relative-position-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What observation or report establishes change in the declared frame rather than merely a change of viewpoint?","id":"subject-relative-position-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"retained-location-boundary","name":"Retained location boundary","description":"Makes the criterion separating local positional change from relocation assessable.","findings":[{"id":"location-retention-throughout","name":"Location retention throughout","description":"Record the applicable location criterion and whether it holds over the assessed interval, including any gaps in evidence.","questions":[{"text":"What location must remain unchanged, and what spatial extent or tolerance defines remaining there?","id":"location-retention-throughout-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the evidence support retention throughout the interval, or could the subject have left and returned between observations?","id":"location-retention-throughout-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"positional-evolution","name":"Positional evolution","description":"Describes the actual course and extent of positional change within the retained location.","layers":[{"id":"local-path-and-excursion","name":"Local path and excursion","description":"Captures the sequence of positions or configurations traversed and its spatial extent.","findings":[{"id":"traversed-position-sequence","name":"Traversed position sequence","description":"Record observed positional progression, its range and any unobserved portions of the path.","questions":[{"text":"Which local positions, orientations or joint configurations were traversed, and in what order?","id":"traversed-position-sequence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What is the largest excursion from the reference position, and which parts of that excursion are inferred rather than observed?","id":"traversed-position-sequence-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"rate-and-recurrence","name":"Rate and recurrence","description":"Describes how quickly positional change proceeds and whether its pattern repeats.","findings":[{"id":"motion-timing-pattern","name":"Motion timing pattern","description":"Record rate, reversals and recurrence using quantities appropriate to the position representation.","questions":[{"text":"How quickly does the tracked position change, and where does the motion accelerate, slow or reverse?","id":"motion-timing-pattern-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the motion repeat, and what observed period and variation support that judgement?","id":"motion-timing-pattern-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"motion-state-and-evidence","name":"Motion state and evidence","description":"Supports judgements about whether motion is occurring and where an episode begins or ends.","layers":[{"id":"detectable-positional-change","name":"Detectable positional change","description":"Relates claims of movement or stillness to observation timing and precision.","findings":[{"id":"change-versus-observation-limit","name":"Change versus observation limit","description":"Record the evidence and resolution supporting a motion-state judgement, including uncertainty from sparse sampling.","questions":[{"text":"What positional difference exceeds the observation uncertainty and counts as detectable change?","id":"change-versus-observation-limit-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Could the sampling interval hide a full cycle or an excursion between apparently identical positions?","id":"change-versus-observation-limit-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"episode-segmentation","name":"Episode segmentation","description":"Distinguishes pauses, reversals and completed motion episodes.","findings":[{"id":"start-pause-and-end","name":"Start, pause and end","description":"Record the criteria used to delimit an episode without treating every momentary stop as completion.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence identifies the onset and end of this motion episode?","id":"start-pause-and-end-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"When position stops changing, what distinguishes a pause or turning point from a completed episode?","id":"start-pause-and-end-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"permitted-motion-and-intervention","name":"Permitted motion and intervention","description":"Connects the remaining motion range and available controls to decisions about continuation or intervention.","layers":[{"id":"excursion-and-clearance-limits","name":"Excursion and clearance limits","description":"Identifies limits and obstructions along the anticipated positional progression.","findings":[{"id":"continuation-envelope","name":"Continuation envelope","description":"Record the permitted range and clearance of the moving subject, including moving extremities where relevant.","questions":[{"text":"Which next positions would exceed an articulation limit, encounter an obstruction or violate the retained-location criterion?","id":"continuation-envelope-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How much distance or angular travel remains before the nearest applicable limit along the anticipated motion?","id":"continuation-envelope-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"control-and-response","name":"Control and response","description":"Identifies feasible interventions and how their effects on motion can be checked.","findings":[{"id":"intervention-feasibility","name":"Intervention feasibility","description":"Record available and authorised controls, their expected positional effects and evidence of the actual response.","questions":[{"text":"Which available and authorised actions can start, slow, reverse or stop this motion under its current constraints?","id":"intervention-feasibility-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What positional observations would confirm that an intervention worked before the motion reaches an applicable limit?","id":"intervention-feasibility-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of motion this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Measure and report a body's rotation or internal motion with units, reference frame and uncertainty.","Control motion of equipment it is authorized to operate, within rated limits."],"mustNot":["Move machinery, robots or vehicles while people are inside the motion envelope.","Report motion data without the reference frame it was measured against.","Disable motion limits, soft stops or interlocks.","Exceed the speed or acceleration limits a machine or load is rated for."],"requiresHuman":["Commissioning or changing motion limits on machinery.","Any motion near people or fragile loads."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Unexpected machine motion is a leading cause of serious workplace injury.","Motion data from wearables and vehicles can reveal what a person was doing."],"affectedParties":["People near moving equipment","Operators","People whose movement is recorded"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; the operator of each moving system answers for its motion.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-00191991-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.motion","Open English WordNet: oewn-00332776-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Moving subject: Reference to the entity or identified part whose position changes","Reference frame: Declared spatial frame and its relation to the subject's retained location","Location retention criterion: Named place, bounded region, fixed anchor or another explicitly defined criterion, with applicable tolerance","Position representation: Local coordinates, orientation, joint configuration or an explicitly defined combination","Positional excursion: Minimum, maximum and range in metres, radians or declared configuration units","Motion rate: Metres per second, radians per second or declared configuration units per second","Temporal pattern: Single excursion, oscillating, continuously rotating, irregular or unresolved","Observed motion state: Changing, stationary, intermittently changing or indeterminate over a stated interval","Remaining permitted excursion: Distance or angle to an applicable limit, with direction and uncertainty"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["A tracked reference point remains stationary while other points change position.","A rigid body's orientation changes as its points trace arcs around a fixed axis or point.","An articulated object's parts change their relative angles or positions while its reference location remains stationary."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Recognise positional change while checking that the declared location remains retained.","Compare observed progression with an expected local trajectory or configuration sequence.","Detect reversals, recurrence, pauses and departures from the permitted range.","Assess whether a proposed continuation would cross a location boundary or encounter an obstruction.","Select an available and authorised intervention, such as starting, slowing, reversing or stopping the motion.","Reclassify or segment an episode when it changes from local motion into relocation."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Unexpected start-up or overtravel crushes or strikes people.","Frame or sign errors in motion data produce control instability."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 10218, Robotics: safety requirements for industrial robots, International Organization for Standardization."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["This motion occurs in hinged doors, rotating joints and articulated mechanisms whose reference location remains fixed.","It is assessed in robotics, machinery and biomechanics to describe orientation changes, joint movement and the space swept by moving parts."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Rotation - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation","note":"Defines rotational motion as movement that leaves at least one point unchanged; contrasts it with translation and with curvilinear translation that preserves orientation; states Chasles' decomposition into rotation plus translation."},{"title":"motion (Q79782) - Wikidata (Wikimedia Foundation)","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","note":"Broader parent item: a body is in motion if it changes position or orientation relative to its surroundings; lists linear motion and rotation as parts."},{"title":"Kinematics of rigid bodies - Rotations - University of California, Berkeley","url":"https://rotations.berkeley.edu/kinematics-of-rigid-bodies/","note":"Euler's theorem on motion about a fixed point; general rigid-body motion as translation plus rotation; Chasles screw (rotation plus translation along the same axis)."},{"title":"Rigid-body pose, translation and rotation (course notes) - Georgia Institute of Technology","url":"https://faculty.cc.gatech.edu/~hic/8803-Mobile-08/slides/1_draft.pdf","note":"Operational test: a rotation keeps at least one point fixed and does not keep all lines parallel; a translation keeps no point fixed and keeps all lines parallel."},{"title":"ISO 80000-3:2019 Quantities and units - Part 3: Space and time - International Organization for Standardization","url":"","note":"Defines rotational/angular displacement (item 3-6) as path length along a circle divided by distance from the axis, unit radian; defines rotation N as number of revolutions (item 3-16)."},{"title":"Angular displacement - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement","note":"Identifies angular displacement with ISO 80000-3 / ISQ; one revolution equals 2π rad; signed sense of rotation; 3-D form as axis plus magnitude (Euler)."},{"title":"5.1: Kinematics - Physics LibreTexts (Spiral Physics, DAlessandris)","url":"https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Book%3A_Spiral_Physics_-_Calculus_Based_(DAlessandris)/Spiral_Mechanics_(Calculus-Based)/05%3A_Model_4/5.01%3A_New_Page","note":"Any rigid-body motion as superposition of translation of the centre of mass and rotation about an axis through that centre; the rotational part is the location-preserving piece."},{"title":"Types of movements in the human body - Kenhub","url":"https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/types-of-movements-in-the-human-body","note":"Clinical inventory of in-place body-segment motions about fixed joint axes (flexion, extension, abduction, rotation, pronation, elevation, etc.)."},{"title":"Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)","note":"A free rigid body has three rotational degrees of freedom distinct from three translational ones; vehicle attitude named roll, pitch and yaw."},{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-00332776-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-00332776-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: motion","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motion","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry define location through a named place, a spatial region, an anchor or another criterion, and who determines its granularity?","Does position explicitly include orientation and articulated configuration, or must those cases link to neighbouring registered things?","How should the registry classify a moving part that changes location while its containing whole retains its location?","Where should the boundary fall between positional motion and deformation when different parts move relative to one another?","Does the registry already provide a world model covering this concept, and which neighbouring entries govern relocation and mixed episodes?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-motion/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-motion/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-06T21:06:16Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 8 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}