{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.operation-process","code":"thing-operation-process","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/operation-process/","name":"operation","alternateNames":["asynchronous operation","auxiliary operation","off-line operation","boolean operation","binary operation","binary arithmetic operation","carriage return","computer operation","machine operation","concurrent operation","control operation","control function"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"noun.process","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"activity","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"In computer science, a data processing step whose result is completely specified by a rule, such as arithmetic and boolean operations, binary operations on two operands, and auxiliary, off-line and asynchronous operations in systems, forming the building blocks of algorithms, instruction sets and programming languages; operations are characterised by operands, results, cost and side effects.","purpose":"Let an agent explain operations in computing, distinguish kinds such as boolean, binary and asynchronous operations, relate operations to instruction sets and languages, and separate other senses of operation.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Deterministic rule","Operands and results","Composable","Cost-characterised"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"define","name":"Define","description":"What an operation is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and kinds.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is an operation in computing, and how do arithmetic, boolean, unary and binary operations differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is a computing operation, a mathematical operation, or a surgical or military operation meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Operations in systems.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Systems.","questions":[{"text":"What are auxiliary, off-line and asynchronous operations in computer systems?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How do they affect design?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"implement","name":"Implement","description":"Operations in practice.","layers":[{"id":"instructions","name":"Instructions","description":"Instruction sets.","findings":[{"id":"instructions-finding","name":"Instructions","description":"Instructions.","questions":[{"text":"How are operations implemented in processor instruction sets and compiled from languages?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are operator precedence and overloading?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"cost","name":"Cost","description":"Cost and semantics.","findings":[{"id":"cost-finding","name":"Cost","description":"Cost.","questions":[{"text":"How are the cost, precision and side effects of operations analysed?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What causes overflow and undefined behaviour?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Operations in theory.","layers":[{"id":"algebra","name":"Algebra","description":"Operations in mathematics.","findings":[{"id":"algebra-finding","name":"Algebra","description":"Algebra.","questions":[{"text":"How do binary operations define algebraic structures, and how does this relate to computing?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific structure?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"concurrency","name":"Concurrency","description":"Atomic and concurrent operations.","findings":[{"id":"concurrency-finding","name":"Concurrency","description":"Concurrency.","questions":[{"text":"What are atomic operations, and how are concurrent operations kept correct?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How are race conditions avoided?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching and history.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching operations.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can operations be taught from arithmetic to boolean logic and instructions?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the concept of operations develop in computing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain kinds of operation","relate to instructions and languages","analyse cost and side effects","separate other senses"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13476660-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"data processing","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"calculation","type":"related","note":"computation"},{"target":"asynchronism","type":"related","note":"asynchronous operations"},{"target":"data dependency","type":"related","note":"ordering of operations"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.operation-process","Open English WordNet: oewn-13546128-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Result fully specified by a rule","Operands to result","Surgical and military operations are other senses","Not physical; steps in programs and hardware."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain kinds of operation","relate to instructions and languages","analyse cost and side effects","separate other senses"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Undefined behaviour and overflow","Race conditions in asynchronous operations","Confusing senses of operation"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Instruction set and language specifications","Floating point standards","Mathematical conventions on operations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Rule-specified processing steps in computing.","arithmetic operations","boolean and logical operations","unary, binary and n-ary operations","auxiliary and off-line operations","asynchronous operations"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should each operation kind be a separate entry?","How should language specifications be linked?","How should other senses be split?","How are the cost, precision and side effects of operations analysed?","Which entry fits a specific structure?","How are race conditions avoided?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-operation-process/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-operation-process/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T23:38:08Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.781}}