{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.page","code":"thing-page","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/page/","name":"page","alternateNames":["full page","half page","recto","verso","title page","half title","bastard title","sports page","spread","spread head","spreadhead","facing pages"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"noun.communication","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"information","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["readable"]}},"whatItIs":"A page is either one of the two surfaces of a leaf in a book, magazine, newspaper, letter or similar document, or the written or pictorial matter occupying that surface.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify a page as a particular leaf-side or its contained matter, assess its readability and completeness, and decide how it may be located, handled, reproduced or cited.","scope":{"in":["One side of a leaf, including a blank, unnumbered or illustrated side","Written or pictorial matter treated as the content of a particular page","Page position, printed labels and relationships to the opposite side and adjacent pages","Page dimensions, content regions, reading order and margins","Page-level completeness, legibility and correspondence to images or transcriptions","Page-specific handling and reproduction constraints"],"out":["The whole leaf or sheet as a physical object with multiple surfaces","The containing book, magazine, newspaper or letter as a complete document","Whole-work authorship, edition identity and publication history","A spread or opening comprising multiple facing pages","A website page or dynamically generated screen without an established relationship to a leaf-side","An image file or transcription as an independently managed digital object"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A physical page identifies one side of a leaf; identifying the whole leaf does not identify which page is meant.","A blank side can qualify as a page, so visible content and a printed page number are not required recognition tests.","A spread presents multiple pages together and must not acquire a single page identity merely because it is captured in one image.","The same printed number in different sections or copies is insufficient to establish the same page.","A scan or transcription represents a page or its matter; its file boundaries alone do not establish the page boundaries."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"page-identity-and-location","name":"Page identity and location","description":"Establishes what the page reference denotes and where it belongs.","layers":[{"id":"leaf-side-and-content","name":"Leaf-side and content","description":"Separates the physical surface from the matter associated with it.","findings":[{"id":"referent-and-container","name":"Referent and container","description":"Record whether the target is a leaf-side or its contained matter, together with the containing document and item links needed to resolve it.","questions":[{"text":"Does this reference denote a particular physical side or the matter presented on that side?","id":"referent-and-container-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which containing document, edition and item are established, and which remain unidentified?","id":"referent-and-container-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence associates the page with a particular leaf and side designation?","id":"referent-and-container-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"labels-and-sequences","name":"Labels and sequences","description":"Keeps page labels separate from physical and reconstructed order.","findings":[{"id":"page-location-evidence","name":"Page location evidence","description":"Preserve literal labels, supplied identifiers and sequence relationships without silently correcting omissions, duplicates or numbering errors.","questions":[{"text":"What label appears on the page, and is any alternative label supplied by a cataloguer or capture system?","id":"page-location-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which pages precede and follow it in the observed item, and does a proposed reading sequence differ?","id":"page-location-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What combination of container, section, label and position will locate this page unambiguously for citation?","id":"page-location-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"page-surface-and-layout","name":"Page surface and layout","description":"Describes the page boundary and the arrangement of matter within it.","layers":[{"id":"surface-boundaries","name":"Surface boundaries","description":"Identifies the extent of the side and the portion visible in an observation.","findings":[{"id":"extent-and-capture-coverage","name":"Extent and capture coverage","description":"Record physical extent and observed coverage separately, including folds, obscured edges and any multi-page capture boundary.","questions":[{"text":"What are the page dimensions, in which folded or unfolded state, and how were they measured?","id":"extent-and-capture-coverage-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the observation show the complete side, a cropped region or a spread containing another page?","id":"extent-and-capture-coverage-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"regions-and-reading-order","name":"Regions and reading order","description":"Describes text blocks, images, margins and their interpretation order.","findings":[{"id":"spatial-content-relationships","name":"Spatial content relationships","description":"Identify meaningful regions and supported relationships among columns, headings, captions, notes and marginal matter.","questions":[{"text":"Which regions contain main text, illustrations, captions, running matter, notes or marginal additions?","id":"spatial-content-relationships-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence establishes reading order and caption or note attachment, and where are multiple interpretations possible?","id":"spatial-content-relationships-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"page-matter-and-representations","name":"Page matter and representations","description":"Connects the matter on the page to its document context and derivative representations.","layers":[{"id":"contained-matter","name":"Contained matter","description":"Identifies what is present without treating the page as a complete work.","findings":[{"id":"content-membership-and-additions","name":"Content membership and additions","description":"Relate page regions to containing content units and distinguish evidenced additions from matter shared with an edition.","questions":[{"text":"Which document sections or content units occur here, and which continue across a page boundary?","id":"content-membership-and-additions-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which marks are supported as printed matter, handwritten additions, stamps or later interventions, and what supports that attribution?","id":"content-membership-and-additions-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is apparent blankness established by inspection or merely caused by an absent or inadequate representation?","id":"content-membership-and-additions-q03","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"image-and-transcription-correspondence","name":"Image and transcription correspondence","description":"Tracks how representations correspond to the observed page.","findings":[{"id":"representation-fidelity","name":"Representation fidelity","description":"Associate each image or transcription with its source page, covered regions and known transformations or unresolved readings.","questions":[{"text":"Which page and regions does this representation derive from, and what evidence verifies that match?","id":"representation-fidelity-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Were cropping, rotation, enhancement, OCR or editorial normalisation applied, and where is the result uncertain?","id":"representation-fidelity-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which passages or visual details require comparison with the source before quotation, extraction or reuse?","id":"representation-fidelity-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"page-state-and-actions","name":"Page state and actions","description":"Assesses page-level obstacles and constraints affecting inspection and use.","layers":[{"id":"condition-and-readability","name":"Condition and readability","description":"Separates physical loss and obscuration from defects introduced during capture.","findings":[{"id":"local-loss-and-legibility","name":"Local loss and legibility","description":"Record affected regions and the evidence for tears, missing portions, fading, stains, show-through, occlusion or capture defects.","questions":[{"text":"Which regions are missing, obscured or difficult to read, and is the cause on the physical page or in its representation?","id":"local-loss-and-legibility-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Would another view or capture resolve the uncertainty, or is handling advice needed before further inspection?","id":"local-loss-and-legibility-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"handling-and-reuse","name":"Handling and reuse","description":"Connects proposed page operations to applicable instructions and permissions.","findings":[{"id":"operation-specific-constraints","name":"Operation-specific constraints","description":"Record the authority and coverage of constraints on turning, flattening, capturing, transcribing, modifying or reproducing the page and its contained matter.","questions":[{"text":"What documented instructions govern turning, unfolding, flattening or marking this particular page?","id":"operation-specific-constraints-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which permissions or restrictions apply to reproducing its text, images, annotations and supplied scan, and where is coverage unresolved?","id":"operation-specific-constraints-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"What source establishes each constraint, and does it apply to the whole page, a region, the containing item or a representation?","id":"operation-specific-constraints-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of page this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Cite material by page with the edition it comes from.","Scan, index and extract text from pages it is authorized to process."],"mustNot":["Reproduce substantial parts of copyrighted pages without permission.","Alter, remove or reorder pages in a record, document or register.","Cite a page number it has not verified in the stated edition.","Handle fragile original pages without the custodian's conservation guidance."],"requiresHuman":["Removing or replacing pages in an official or bound record.","Digitizing or disbinding rare material."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Page-level citation is how claims are checked, so invented references corrupt the record.","Tampering with pages in official registers can change people's legal rights."],"affectedParties":["Readers and researchers","Authors and publishers","People named in records"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of the document or book; archives and libraries keep originals.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-06266806-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.page","Open English WordNet: oewn-06267274-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Referent mode: physical leaf-side | page-contained matter | unresolved","Containing document and item: Links to containing document, manifestation or edition, and physical item where known","Leaf and side: Leaf reference plus recto | verso | side designation unresolved","Page label: Literal printed or supplied label, with absent | illegible | unknown and label origin","Sequence position: Preceding and following page references within a named physical or reconstructed sequence","Surface extent: Width and height in mm for a physical side; coordinates in a declared unit and frame for a representation","Content composition: Blank | text | pictorial | mixed | other | unknown","Reading order: Ordered or partially ordered region references, with unresolved alternatives","Completeness and legibility: Separate assessments of surface loss, content visibility and representation coverage, each allowing unknown","Representation correspondence: Image, transcription or extracted-region reference with coverage and verification status","Action constraints: Applicable handling, access, reproduction or modification instruction linked to its authority and affected region"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["One side of a leaf, usually numbered, with its text or image area.","Page numbers differ between editions, so an edition must be stated."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Locate and cite a page using its containing document, sequence and available labels","Navigate to the opposite side, adjacent pages and related facing page","Inspect page regions and recover text or pictorial matter in a supported reading order","Compare a page with a scan or transcription and flag missing, cropped or uncertain content","Request or perform permitted turning, capture, transcription or reproduction actions","Record damage, annotations and unresolved page identification without silently reconstructing missing evidence"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Acidic paper becomes brittle and crumbles.","Missing or substituted pages go unnoticed in long documents."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 216, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies trimmed paper sizes used for many physical document pages.","ISO 9706, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies permanence requirements for paper used in documents intended for long-term retention."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A page is encountered as one side of a document leaf or as the text and images arranged on that side.","Pages organize material for reading, illustration, annotation and reference within books and other documents.","Libraries, archives and digitization projects identify individual pages to preserve their content and sequence."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-06267274-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-06267274-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: page","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/page","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should fixed-layout digital pages without a physical leaf be included by an explicit extension of this registry definition, or linked through a neighbouring model?","What identity convention should relate page-contained matter across copies and editions when pagination, layout or annotations differ?","How should foldouts, pasted additions and composite surfaces be bounded as pages while preserving the distinction between a side and a leaf?","Which cataloguing conventions should govern supplied labels, recto-verso designations and citations for unnumbered or irregularly numbered pages?","Which existing Vercy models already own document hierarchy, physical condition, content rights and digital representations, and what page-specific links should replace duplicated modelling?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-page/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-page/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:51:28Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}