{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.family-name","code":"thing-q101352","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q101352/","name":"family name","alternateNames":["surname from a specific origin","Azerbaijani surname","Kazakh surname","locational surname","family name in Ukraine","family name of Ukrainian origin","Georgian family name","compound surname","Mikautadze","affixed family name","-","undifferentiated surname"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A name shared by members of a family and passed between generations, added to given names to identify a person, with origins in patronymics, occupations, places and descriptions, varying by culture in form, order, inheritance and change at marriage, as in Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, locational and other surname traditions; family names are recorded in civil registries, studied in onomastics and genealogy, and regulated by naming laws.","purpose":"Let an agent explain family names and their origins and systems across cultures, support genealogy and etymology questions with sources, describe naming laws and conventions, and handle names respectfully.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Inherited","Cultural systems","Etymological origins","Legally regulated"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"Family name systems.","layers":[{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"Origins of surnames.","findings":[{"id":"origins-finding","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","questions":[{"text":"How did family names arise, and what are patronymic, occupational, locational and descriptive origins?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific surname tradition?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Systems by culture.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Systems.","questions":[{"text":"How do naming systems differ, including name order, gendered forms, patronymics and change at marriage, across cultures such as Ukrainian, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, East Asian and Spanish traditions?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How should a name from this culture be written and ordered?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Etymology and genealogy.","layers":[{"id":"etymology","name":"Etymology","description":"Meaning of a surname.","findings":[{"id":"etymology-finding","name":"Etymology","description":"Etymology.","questions":[{"text":"What is the documented origin and meaning of this surname, according to onomastic sources, and what is uncertain?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a folk etymology being presented as fact?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"genealogy","name":"Genealogy","description":"Genealogy.","findings":[{"id":"genealogy-finding","name":"Genealogy","description":"Genealogy.","questions":[{"text":"How can family names be traced in records, and which privacy considerations apply to living people?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits genealogy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Names and law.","layers":[{"id":"rules","name":"Rules","description":"Naming laws.","findings":[{"id":"rules-finding","name":"Rules","description":"Laws.","questions":[{"text":"What naming laws govern family names, changes and children names here?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is legal advice needed from a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Names in data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"How should family names be stored, transliterated and matched in data systems?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which standards exist?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of surnames.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"When and why did hereditary surnames spread in different societies, according to historians?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can name systems be taught respectfully?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Record and display family names in the order and spelling the person uses.","Explain the general origins of family names, citing sources for any etymology."],"mustNot":["Reorder, transliterate or anglicise a person's family name against their own usage.","Infer a person's ethnicity, religion or caste from their family name for decisions about them.","Present folk etymologies or claims of noble descent as established fact.","Link living people into family trees from a shared surname without evidence or consent."],"requiresHuman":["Changing a family name in an official record.","Publishing genealogical links that involve living people."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["A family name carries identity and belonging; mangling it is a small daily disrespect.","Surnames have been used to profile and discriminate against groups."],"affectedParties":["People who bear the name","Relatives in genealogies","Minority communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person who bears it; civil registries record it officially.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Civil registration and population registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q10856962","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q4116295","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"surname","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"anthroponym","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Korean","type":"related","note":"a language with its own name system"},{"target":"Canadians","type":"related","note":"peoples with diverse naming traditions"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.family-name","Wikidata: Q101352 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101352)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Shared and inherited name","Culture-specific systems","Given names are individual; clan names and patronymics may differ","Not physical; words in names and records."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain origins and systems","support genealogy and etymology","describe naming laws","handle names respectfully"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misordering or mangling names from other cultures","Folk etymologies presented as fact","Privacy issues in genealogy"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Civil registration and naming laws","Transliteration standards","Data standards for personal names"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Inherited names identifying families.","patronymic and matronymic surnames","occupational surnames","locational surnames","descriptive surnames","surnames by language and country"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q101352: family name","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101352","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Family name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each surname tradition be a separate entry?","How should onomastic sources be linked?","How should naming laws be linked by country?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q101352/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q101352/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T00:04:30Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}