{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.sub-brown-dwarf","code":"thing-q1073768","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1073768/","name":"sub-brown dwarf","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.SPC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A substellar object of planetary mass, below the deuterium-burning limit of about 13 Jupiter masses, that formed by the collapse of a gas cloud like a star rather than in a disc around a star; the term is used in some classifications for free-floating planetary-mass objects, and usage varies.","purpose":"Let an agent explain sub-brown dwarfs by definition, formation, detection and relationship to brown dwarfs and rogue planets, with attributed classification schemes.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Below about 13 Jupiter masses","Formed like stars","Often free-floating","Classification debated"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"What counts.","layers":[{"id":"mass","name":"Mass","description":"Mass limit.","findings":[{"id":"mass-finding","name":"Mass","description":"Mass limit.","questions":[{"text":"What mass limit separates sub-brown dwarfs from brown dwarfs?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Why is deuterium burning used?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"formation","name":"Formation","description":"Origin criterion.","findings":[{"id":"formation-finding","name":"Formation","description":"Formation criterion.","questions":[{"text":"Do classification schemes use formation or mass as the main criterion, according to the IAU and authors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How can formation be inferred?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"detection","name":"Detection","description":"Finding them.","layers":[{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Infrared surveys.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Methods","description":"Detection methods.","questions":[{"text":"How are these objects found, such as in infrared surveys or by microlensing?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which telescopes are used?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"mass-estimate","name":"Mass estimate","description":"Uncertainty.","findings":[{"id":"mass-estimate-finding","name":"Mass estimate","description":"Mass estimates.","questions":[{"text":"How is the mass estimated, and how uncertain is it?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does age matter?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"examples","name":"Examples","description":"Candidates.","layers":[{"id":"candidates","name":"Candidates","description":"Known objects.","findings":[{"id":"candidates-finding","name":"Candidates","description":"Candidates.","questions":[{"text":"Which objects have been proposed as sub-brown dwarfs, and by whom?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are the classifications disputed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"catalogues","name":"Catalogues","description":"Databases.","findings":[{"id":"catalogues-finding","name":"Catalogues","description":"Catalogues.","questions":[{"text":"Which catalogues list planetary-mass objects?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are they labelled there?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Explaining.","layers":[{"id":"explain","name":"Explain","description":"Plain language.","findings":[{"id":"explain-finding","name":"Explain","description":"Plain explanation.","questions":[{"text":"How can the difference between stars, brown dwarfs and planets be explained simply?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which caveats apply?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"rogue","name":"Rogue planets","description":"Related objects.","findings":[{"id":"rogue-finding","name":"Rogue planets","description":"Rogue planets.","questions":[{"text":"How do rogue planets ejected from systems differ from objects formed alone?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Can they be told apart observationally?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe sub-brown dwarfs and how they are distinguished from planets, citing astronomical sources.","Report catalogued objects with their measured properties and uncertainties."],"mustNot":["Present a candidate object as confirmed without peer-reviewed evidence.","Blur the terminology of sub-brown dwarfs and rogue planets without noting the debate.","Credit a discovery to the wrong team."],"requiresHuman":["Announcing a new discovery or classification publicly."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Contested definitions in astronomy need honest presentation to the public.","Credit for discoveries matters to researchers' careers."],"affectedParties":["Astronomers","Students and the public"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns them; astronomical catalogues record known objects.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Astronomical object catalogues"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3132741","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"substellar object","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"brown dwarf","type":"related","note":"related class"},{"target":"rogue planet","type":"related","note":"overlapping class"},{"target":"infrared astronomy","type":"related","note":"method"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.sub-brown-dwarf","Wikidata: Q1073768 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073768)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Planetary masses without a host star","Infrared detections in star-forming regions","Brown dwarfs are above the deuterium-burning limit","Very faint, cool objects seen mainly in infrared images."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the definition and mass limits","distinguish sub-brown dwarfs, brown dwarfs and planets","describe detection methods","find catalogues of candidates"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting a debated term as settled","Uncertain mass estimates"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IAU working definitions of planets and substellar objects"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classifying substellar objects in astronomy.","free-floating planetary-mass objects","planetary-mass companions to brown dwarfs","young objects in star-forming regions"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should rogue planets be merged with this entry?","How should candidate lists be linked?","How should competing definitions be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1073768/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1073768/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T13:11:21Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"missing","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.882}}