{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.palladium","code":"thing-q1089","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1089/","name":"palladium","alternateNames":["palladium-91","palladium-92","palladium-93","palladium-93m","palladium-94","palladium-94m","palladium-95","palladium-95m","palladium-96","palladium-96m","palladium-97","palladium-98"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The chemical element with atomic number forty-six, a rare, lustrous silvery-white metal of the platinum group, with several stable isotopes and many radioactive ones, notable for absorbing large volumes of hydrogen and for catalytic activity, and used mainly in catalytic converters for vehicles, in electronics, dentistry, jewellery and chemical catalysis; palladium is mined mainly in Russia and South Africa and recovered from recycling, and its price and supply are sensitive to demand from the automotive industry.","purpose":"Let an agent explain palladium as an element and its properties and isotopes, describe its uses especially in catalysis, describe supply, recycling and market issues from public sources, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Catalytic activity","Hydrogen absorption","Platinum group","Automotive demand"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What palladium is.","layers":[{"id":"element","name":"Element","description":"The element.","findings":[{"id":"element-finding","name":"Element","description":"Element.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties, occurrence and chemistry of palladium, including hydrogen absorption?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the periodic table?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"What isotopes of palladium exist, and which have research uses?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"catalysis","name":"Catalysis","description":"Catalysis.","findings":[{"id":"catalysis-finding","name":"Catalysis","description":"Catalysis.","questions":[{"text":"How is palladium used in catalytic converters and chemical catalysis, including cross-coupling reactions?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits catalytic converters?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"other","name":"Other","description":"Other uses.","findings":[{"id":"other-finding","name":"Other","description":"Other.","questions":[{"text":"How is palladium used in electronics, dentistry and jewellery?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific application?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"supply","name":"Supply","description":"Supply and market.","layers":[{"id":"mining","name":"Mining","description":"Mining and recycling.","findings":[{"id":"mining-finding","name":"Mining","description":"Mining.","questions":[{"text":"Where is palladium mined and recycled, and what supply issues exist, according to public sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"market","name":"Market","description":"Market.","findings":[{"id":"market-finding","name":"Market","description":"Market.","questions":[{"text":"How do automotive demand and electrification affect the palladium market, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user seeking investment advice, which must be declined?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was palladium discovered and named?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can palladium illustrate catalysis and the platinum group?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain palladium's properties, hydrogen absorption and use in catalysts, electronics and jewellery.","Report market and supply information with sources and dates."],"mustNot":["Help steal catalytic converters or trade in stolen precious metals.","Present price information as investment advice.","Misstate the palladium content or purity of jewellery or bullion.","Advise handling spent catalysts or palladium salts without regard to their hazards."],"requiresHuman":["Buying, selling or valuing palladium on someone's behalf."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["High palladium prices drive theft of catalytic converters from ordinary people's cars.","Mining and refining of platinum-group metals carry environmental and labour costs."],"affectedParties":["Vehicle owners","Mine workers and nearby communities","Buyers of precious metals"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the element; holders of mined, refined or recycled metal answer for it, and assay offices for its hallmarking.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q223995","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"platinum group","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"chemical element","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"rhenium","type":"related","note":"another catalytic metal"},{"target":"diesel engine","type":"related","note":"vehicles with catalytic converters"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.palladium","Wikidata: Q1089 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Density: Approximately 12.0 grams per cubic centimetre - This approximate value applies to solid bulk metal near room temperature.","Melting point: Approximately 1555 degrees Celsius - This approximate value applies to pure metal near standard atmospheric pressure.","Hydrogen uptake:  moles of hydrogen atoms per mole of metal - Determine uptake under stated hydrogen pressure and temperature because loading depends on conditions and material history."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Atomic number forty-six","Platinum group, catalytic converters, hydrogen absorption","Platinum and rhodium are related metals; white gold may be alloyed with palladium","A silvery-white metal."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the element","describe uses","describe supply and recycling","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Supply concentration and price volatility","Catalytic converter theft","Confusing palladium with platinum"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hallmarking standards for palladium jewellery","Vehicle emissions rules driving catalyst use","Critical raw material assessments"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element forty-six, a platinum group metal.","palladium metal and alloys","palladium catalysts","palladium in electronics and dentistry","palladium jewellery","palladium isotopes"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1089: palladium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Palladium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should catalytic converters be a separate entry?","How should market data be linked?","How should recycling data be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1089/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1089/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T06:07:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}