{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.large-panel-system-building","code":"thing-q1095072","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1095072/","name":"large panel system building","alternateNames":["P2","108 (type of building)","П-46"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A building constructed from large prefabricated concrete panels manufactured in factories and assembled on site, the dominant form of mass housing in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc from the 1950s to the 1990s in standardised series such as the Moscow P-46 and East German P2 types, and used elsewhere in Europe and Asia; large panel system buildings provided rapid housing but face issues of insulation, ageing and renovation, and are studied in architecture, urban planning and housing policy.","purpose":"Let an agent explain large panel system buildings and their construction and series, describe their history in mass housing, present renovation, demolition and policy debates with attribution, and support architectural and housing questions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Panel prefabrication","Standardised series","Mass housing role","Renovation challenges"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What panel buildings are.","layers":[{"id":"construction","name":"Construction","description":"Construction and series.","findings":[{"id":"construction-finding","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","questions":[{"text":"How are large panel buildings manufactured and assembled, and what are the main standardised series?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which series or country is meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Design and layouts.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"How were apartment layouts, estates and services designed in panel housing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits housing estates?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Mass housing history.","layers":[{"id":"soviet","name":"Soviet","description":"Soviet and Eastern Bloc housing.","findings":[{"id":"soviet-finding","name":"Soviet","description":"Soviet.","questions":[{"text":"How did panel housing programmes address housing shortages in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc, according to historians?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Soviet housing policy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"elsewhere","name":"Elsewhere","description":"Panel housing elsewhere.","findings":[{"id":"elsewhere-finding","name":"Elsewhere","description":"Elsewhere.","questions":[{"text":"How were panel systems used in Western Europe and Asia, and how did outcomes differ?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific country?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"today","name":"Today","description":"Renovation and policy.","layers":[{"id":"renovation","name":"Renovation","description":"Renovation and retrofit.","findings":[{"id":"renovation-finding","name":"Renovation","description":"Renovation.","questions":[{"text":"How are panel buildings renovated for insulation, safety and appearance, and what programmes exist?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a structural safety concern present, requiring professional assessment?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Demolition and preservation debates.","findings":[{"id":"debates-finding","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","questions":[{"text":"What debates surround demolition, preservation and renewal of panel estates, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Culture and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Panel housing in culture.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How is panel housing represented in film, literature and memory?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can prefabricated housing be taught in architecture and planning?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe a panel building's series, age and construction from official housing records.","Monitor and report cracks, joint failures, leaks and heating faults to the building's manager.","Explain repair and insulation programmes from official sources."],"mustNot":["Approve alterations that cut through load-bearing panels.","Declare a panel building safe or unsafe without a qualified engineer's assessment.","Present residents of panel housing in a demeaning way.","Hide reports of gas, fire or structural defects from residents."],"requiresHuman":["Approving renovation, alteration or demolition.","Evacuating residents for structural reasons."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Millions live in panel housing; its maintenance decides their safety and comfort.","Stigma attached to estates affects their residents."],"affectedParties":["Residents","Building managers","Neighbourhoods"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owners' association, housing company or municipality that owns it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Building and land registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q18386430","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"panel building","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"block construction","type":"related","note":"another prefabricated building type"},{"target":"building part","type":"related","note":"panels as building parts"},{"target":"federal subject of Russia","type":"related","note":"regions with panel housing"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.large-panel-system-building","Wikidata: Q1095072 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095072)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Building height:  m - Measure the vertical distance from a stated ground reference to the stated roof reference.","Structural panel thickness:  mm - Measure individual panels or consult verified drawings while distinguishing structural concrete from finishes and insulation.","Concrete compressive strength:  MPa - Determine strength through appropriate material testing or verified construction records.","External wall thermal transmittance:  W/(m2 K) - Determine heat transmission through the complete wall assembly using verified layer properties or suitable measurements."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Large prefabricated concrete panels assembled on site","Standardised series","Block construction uses volumetric modules; brick buildings are site-built","Multi-storey apartment blocks with visible panel joints."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain construction and series","describe mass housing history","present renovation debates","support housing questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Joint failure and water ingress","Poor insulation and energy performance","Structural concerns in ageing stock"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Building codes for prefabricated concrete","Renovation and energy efficiency programmes","Housing policy and demolition rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Housing built from large prefabricated concrete panels.","Soviet panel series such as P-46 and 1-464","East German series such as P2 and WBS 70","Central and Eastern European panel estates","Western European and Asian panel systems","renovated and retrofitted panel buildings"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1095072: large panel system building","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095072","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Large-panel-system building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-panel-system_building","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each series be a separate entry?","How should renovation programmes be linked?","How should housing statistics be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1095072/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1095072/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T04:14:57Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}