{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ruler-q1097498","code":"thing-q1097498","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1097498/","name":"ruler","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.PER"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A person who exercises supreme authority over a state, territory or people, whether as monarch, emperor, chief, dictator or elected head of state and government, holding power by inheritance, election, conquest or appointment and legitimated by law, religion, tradition or force; rulers are studied across history and political science, and the term is also used for a measuring instrument, a separate sense.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the ruler as a political role, describe kinds and sources of legitimacy, relay history and political theory with attribution, and distinguish the political sense from the measuring instrument.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Supreme authority","Varied legitimacy","Hereditary or elective","Constrained or absolute"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a ruler is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and kinds.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a ruler in the political sense, and what kinds exist?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a political ruler or a measuring ruler?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"legitimacy","name":"Legitimacy","description":"Legitimacy.","findings":[{"id":"legitimacy-finding","name":"Legitimacy","description":"Legitimacy.","questions":[{"text":"How do rulers gain and justify authority, as political theory describes?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits political legitimacy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Rulers in history.","layers":[{"id":"rulers","name":"Rulers","description":"Notable rulers.","findings":[{"id":"rulers-finding","name":"Rulers","description":"Rulers.","questions":[{"text":"How do historians assess notable rulers, with interpretations attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific ruler?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Systems of rule.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Systems.","questions":[{"text":"How have monarchy, empire, chiefdom and republic shaped the ruler role over time?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"today","name":"Today","description":"Rulers today.","layers":[{"id":"current","name":"Current","description":"Current rulers.","findings":[{"id":"current-finding","name":"Current","description":"Current.","questions":[{"text":"Who rules a given state now, from official sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"constraints","name":"Constraints","description":"Constraints and accountability.","findings":[{"id":"constraints-finding","name":"Constraints","description":"Constraints.","questions":[{"text":"How are rulers constrained by constitutions, courts and international law, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Theory and culture.","layers":[{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Political theory.","findings":[{"id":"theory-finding","name":"Theory","description":"Theory.","questions":[{"text":"How have thinkers from Plato and Machiavelli to modern theorists analysed rulership?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How are rulers represented in ceremony, art and literature?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits royal iconography?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report who ruled where and when from reliable historical and official sources.","Describe the powers and limits of different kinds of ruler."],"mustNot":["Produce propaganda glorifying a ruler or hiding abuses on a ruler's behalf.","Attribute statements or acts to a ruler without evidence.","Present a disputed claim to rule as uncontested.","Help a ruler identify or target critics and opponents."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing content on rulers in contested or ongoing conflicts."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rulers hold power over many lives, so their record must be told honestly.","Critics of rulers are often persecuted, and agents must not aid that."],"affectedParties":["Subjects and citizens","Critics and opponents","Victims of abuses"]},"owners":{"steward":"Each ruler answers to the constitution or people of the state they rule.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Official gazettes","State archives"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1251441","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q895526","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"leader","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"governing body","type":"related","note":"in registry terms, when sole"},{"target":"sovereignty","type":"related","note":"over a polity"},{"target":"ruler","type":"related","note":"the measuring instrument, a separate sense"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ruler-q1097498","Wikidata: Q1097498 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097498)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Holder of supreme authority","Monarchs, emperors, chiefs, presidents, dictators","A measuring ruler is a tool; a governing body is a collective; a governor is subordinate","No defining appearance; often marked by regalia, titles and ceremony."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain kinds of ruler","relay sources of legitimacy","present history and theory","distinguish from the instrument"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Glorifying or condemning without attribution","Confusing senses of ruler","Stale information on current rulers","Contested legitimacy claims"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Constitutions and succession laws","International law on heads of state and immunity","Traditional and customary law for chiefs"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a political role.","hereditary monarchs and emperors","elected heads of state and government","chiefs and traditional rulers","religious rulers and theocrats","dictators and autocrats","regents and co-rulers","legendary and mythical rulers"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1097498: ruler","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097498","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia (de): Herrscher","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrscher","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should monarch and head of state be the primary linked entries?","How should reference lists of rulers be linked?","How should the measuring instrument sense be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1097498/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1097498/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T01:30:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}