{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.sugar","code":"thing-q11002","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11002/","name":"sugar","alternateNames":["dietary sucrose","dietary sugars","granulated sugar","preserving sugar","black sugar","Raw sugar","residual sugar"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"In common usage, the sweet crystalline carbohydrate sucrose, extracted mainly from sugar cane and sugar beet and refined into forms such as granulated sugar, preserving sugar with larger crystals for jams, raw sugar and less refined brown and black sugars such as kokuto in Okinawa; chemically, sugars include simple monosaccharides like glucose and fructose and disaccharides like sucrose and lactose, and dietary sugars also occur naturally in fruit and milk. The WHO recommends limiting free sugars to less than 10 percent of energy intake, ideally under 5 percent, because excess intake is linked to tooth decay and weight gain, and sugar s history is tied to plantation slavery in the Americas.","purpose":"Let an agent explain sugar, relay chemistry, production, forms, nutrition guidance and history from food science, WHO and historical sources with debates attributed, describe the named forms, and distinguish table sugar from sugars as a chemical class, artificial sweeteners, sugar alcohols, honey and syrups and blood sugar.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Sweet taste","Crystalline","Cane and beet sources","Health and historical debates"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What sugar is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is sugar, and how does table sugar differ from sugars as a class, sweeteners, sugar alcohols, honey and blood sugar?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is someone with diabetes having very low or very high blood sugar with confusion or collapse, in which case get emergency help?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Named forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"What are granulated, preserving, raw and black sugars, and what are dietary sugars?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific form?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","layers":[{"id":"cane","name":"Cane and beet","description":"Cane and beet.","findings":[{"id":"cane-finding","name":"Cane and beet","description":"Cane and beet.","questions":[{"text":"How is sugar extracted and refined from cane and beet?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Sugar chemistry.","findings":[{"id":"chemistry-finding","name":"Chemistry","description":"Chemistry.","questions":[{"text":"How do glucose, fructose and sucrose differ chemically?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Nutrition.","layers":[{"id":"guidelines","name":"Guidelines","description":"Intake guidelines.","findings":[{"id":"guidelines-finding","name":"Guidelines","description":"Guidelines.","questions":[{"text":"What do WHO and national bodies recommend about free sugars?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits free sugars?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Diet debates.","findings":[{"id":"debates-finding","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","questions":[{"text":"What debates exist about sugar, fat and industry influence on research, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"slavery","name":"Slavery","description":"Sugar and slavery.","findings":[{"id":"slavery-finding","name":"Slavery","description":"Slavery.","questions":[{"text":"How did Caribbean and Brazilian sugar plantations depend on enslaved Africans, as historians document?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits sugar plantation?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"okinawa","name":"Kokuto","description":"Okinawan black sugar.","findings":[{"id":"okinawa-finding","name":"Kokuto","description":"Kokuto.","questions":[{"text":"How is Okinawan black sugar made?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits kokuto?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the kinds of sugar, how sucrose is produced and how sugars differ chemically.","Report sugar content from labels and cite health guidance from public health bodies."],"mustNot":["Give individual diet advice to a person with diabetes or another condition.","Frame diet debates in a partisan way or present contested claims as settled.","Leave out the history of slavery when telling the history of the sugar trade.","Present sugar substitutes or sugar itself as harmless or toxic without attribution."],"requiresHuman":["Planning diets for people with medical conditions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The sugar trade was built on the enslavement of millions of Africans.","High sugar intake contributes to disease, and marketing often targets children."],"affectedParties":["Consumers","Children","Cane and beet workers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The producer or seller; food safety authorities regulate labelling and sale.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11358","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"carbohydrate","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"sugarcane","type":"related","note":"and sugar beet"},{"target":"Atlantic slave trade","type":"related","note":"historically"},{"target":"sugar substitute","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.sugar","Wikidata: Q11002 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["sucrose formula: C12H22O11 formula","WHO free sugars guideline: under 10 percent of energy, ideally under 5 note - 2015","main crops: sugar cane and sugar beet list"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sweet crystalline carbohydrate, chiefly sucrose","Dietary sucrose, dietary sugars, granulated sugar, preserving sugar, black sugar, raw sugar","Sugars as a class include many compounds; artificial sweeteners are non-sugar; sugar alcohols are polyols; honey and syrups are sugar solutions; blood sugar is glucose in blood","White or brown crystals, powder or dark lumps."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain chemistry and production","relay forms","relay nutrition guidance","describe history including slavery"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Partisan framing of diet debates","Omitting slavery history","Giving individual diet advice"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["WHO sugars guideline","Sugar taxes and labelling rules","Codex standards for sugars"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sweetening, preserving and food energy.","granulated white sugar","brown and raw sugars","non-centrifugal sugars such as black sugar and jaggery","preserving and icing sugars","naturally occurring sugars"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q11002: sugar","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Sugar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should black sugar be a separate entry?","How should nutrition guidance be linked by country?","How should sugar and slavery history be presented?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11002/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11002/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:30:27Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}