{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.electric-charge","code":"thing-q1111","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1111/","name":"electric charge","alternateNames":["average total charge of produced positive ions","protein charge","formal charge","charge capacity","inductive charging","effective nuclear charge","AirPower"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electromagnetic field, existing in positive and negative kinds, conserved, quantised in units of the elementary charge carried by electrons and protons, and measured in coulombs; charge is the source of electric fields and, when moving, of electric current and magnetic fields.","purpose":"Let an agent explain electric charge as a physical quantity, relay its units, constants and laws from SI and reference sources, distinguish it from current, voltage and related quantities, and support calculation and teaching.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Two kinds, positive and negative","Conserved in all known processes","Quantised in units of e, with fractional charges of quarks confined","Source of electromagnetic interaction"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"What charge is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and properties.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is electric charge, and what do conservation and quantisation mean?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about charge, current, voltage or a chemical sense of charge?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"units","name":"Units","description":"Units and constants.","findings":[{"id":"units-finding","name":"Units","description":"Units.","questions":[{"text":"What are the unit and the elementary charge, and how are they defined in the SI?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which reference gives the constants?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"laws","name":"Laws","description":"Laws and fields.","layers":[{"id":"coulomb","name":"Coulomb","description":"Coulomb law.","findings":[{"id":"coulomb-finding","name":"Coulomb","description":"Coulomb.","questions":[{"text":"How does Coulomb law describe the force between charges, and how is the field defined?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the electric field?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"dynamics","name":"Dynamics","description":"Moving charge.","findings":[{"id":"dynamics-finding","name":"Dynamics","description":"Dynamics.","questions":[{"text":"How does moving charge produce current and magnetic fields?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits electromagnetism?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"measure","name":"Measure","description":"Measuring charge.","layers":[{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","questions":[{"text":"How is charge measured, from electrometers to integrating current?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What accuracy do methods give?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"static","name":"Static","description":"Electrostatics in practice.","findings":[{"id":"static-finding","name":"Static","description":"Static.","questions":[{"text":"How does static charge build up, and what precautions protect electronics and people?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits electrostatic discharge?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Particles and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"particles","name":"Particles","description":"Charge of particles.","findings":[{"id":"particles-finding","name":"Particles","description":"Particles.","questions":[{"text":"What charges do elementary particles carry, and why are fractional charges not observed freely?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits particle physics?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How is charge taught, and which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain electric charge, its conservation and quantisation, and the forces it causes.","Measure and report charge in experiments and devices it is authorized to operate."],"mustNot":["Encourage contact with charged equipment or circuits without safety measures.","Confuse charge with current, voltage or energy in explanations.","Use the language of charge to lend false scientific weight to health products."],"requiresHuman":["Working on high-voltage equipment or discharging stored charge."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Stored charge can injure or kill people working on equipment.","Scientific terms are misused to sell pseudoscience."],"affectedParties":["Students","Electrical workers","Consumers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the property; it belongs to physics.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q107715","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q117865208","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q181175","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q73792","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"physical quantity","type":"related","note":"a scalar quantity"},{"target":"coulomb","type":"related","note":"the SI unit"},{"target":"electric field","type":"related","note":"through Coulomb law"},{"target":"electric current","type":"related","note":"the rate of flow of charge"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.electric-charge","Wikidata: Q1111 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111)","SI unit symbol: C coulomb","quantity symbol: Q or q ISO 80000-6"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["elementary charge: 1.602176634 times 10 to the minus 19 C - exact by SI definition","electron charge: minus one elementary charge e","unit: coulomb C - ampere second"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Quantity measured in coulombs","Positive and negative kinds that attract or repel","Current is charge per time; voltage is energy per charge","Not visible; observed through forces, sparks, attraction and instruments."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the property and its conservation and quantisation","relay units and the elementary charge value","apply Coulomb law and related relations","distinguish charge from current, potential and capacitance"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing charge with current or voltage","Electrostatic discharge damaging electronics","Sign errors in calculations","Mixing chemical and physical senses of charge"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["SI Brochure from BIPM","ISO 80000-6 electromagnetic quantities","CODATA recommended values"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not for anything; a fundamental property of matter.","positive and negative charge","free and bound charge","point, surface and volume charge distributions","charge in chemistry: ionic, formal and partial charge","charge on particles: electron, proton, quarks"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1111: electric charge","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Electric charge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should chemical charge concepts be separate entries?","How should CODATA values be linked by release?","The registry entry has merged aliases from protein charge to inductive charging; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1111/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1111/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T20:06:18Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}