{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.carbohydrate","code":"thing-q11358","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11358/","name":"carbohydrate","alternateNames":["fructooligosaccharide","isomaltooligosaccharide","fungal polysaccharides","bacterial polysaccharides","polysaccharide","Ulvane","pseudopeptidoglycan","alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-","native starch","Bromoduline;Mushroom extract; Shitake mushroom extract","Plocamium cartilagineum polysaccharides","Gracilaria gracilis polysaccharides"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A biomolecule made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and cellulose; a major energy source in food.","purpose":"Let an agent handle carbohydrates by chemistry, dietary role, labelling and health, without giving personal medical or dietary advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Built from sugar units","Energy and structural roles","Includes fibre","Digested at different rates"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Structure.","layers":[{"id":"class","name":"Class","description":"Sugars to polysaccharides.","findings":[{"id":"class-finding","name":"Class","description":"Carbohydrate class.","questions":[{"text":"Is it a mono-, di-, oligo- or polysaccharide?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which sugar units make it up?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"role","name":"Role","description":"Energy or structure.","findings":[{"id":"role-finding","name":"Role","description":"Biological role.","questions":[{"text":"What role does it play in the organism?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How is it broken down?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"food","name":"Food","description":"Labels.","layers":[{"id":"label","name":"Label","description":"Nutrition table.","findings":[{"id":"label-finding","name":"Label","description":"Nutrition label.","questions":[{"text":"How much carbohydrate and sugar does this food contain per 100 g?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is fibre included or listed separately?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"guidelines","name":"Guidelines","description":"Public advice.","findings":[{"id":"guidelines-finding","name":"Guidelines","description":"Dietary guidelines.","questions":[{"text":"What do national dietary guidelines say about sugars and fibre?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which authority issued them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Conditions.","layers":[{"id":"conditions","name":"Conditions","description":"Diabetes and intolerance.","findings":[{"id":"conditions-finding","name":"Conditions","description":"Health conditions.","questions":[{"text":"Is the user asking about managing their own condition?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should they be referred to a doctor or dietitian?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"intolerance","name":"Intolerance","description":"Lactose and others.","findings":[{"id":"intolerance-finding","name":"Intolerance","description":"Intolerances.","questions":[{"text":"Which carbohydrate intolerances are commonly described?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Where is reliable information?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"materials","name":"Materials","description":"Starch and cellulose.","findings":[{"id":"materials-finding","name":"Materials","description":"Industrial materials.","questions":[{"text":"How are starch and cellulose used industrially?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What products result?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"energy","name":"Energy","description":"Biofuels.","findings":[{"id":"energy-finding","name":"Energy","description":"Bioenergy.","questions":[{"text":"How are carbohydrates converted to biofuels?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are the trade-offs?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the chemistry and dietary role of carbohydrates from reliable sources.","Read and compare carbohydrate, sugar and fibre values on food labels.","Point people to dietitians or official dietary guidance."],"mustNot":["Give personal diet, weight-loss or diabetes advice as if it were clinical guidance.","Tell someone to change insulin or medication doses based on carbohydrate intake.","Confuse total carbohydrate with sugars when reading or reporting a label.","Promote extreme restriction or present one diet as right for everyone."],"requiresHuman":["Any change to the diet of a person with diabetes or another condition that depends on it."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Food advice touches people's health and can feed disordered eating.","Misread labels can harm people who must manage their carbohydrate intake."],"affectedParties":["People with diabetes","People with eating disorders","Consumers reading labels"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the substance; food authorities set the labelling rules.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q415812","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q64698788","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"biomolecule","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"sugar and starch","type":"related","note":"members"},{"target":"food","type":"related","note":"diet"},{"target":"polyol","type":"related","note":"chemistry"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.carbohydrate","Wikidata: Q11358 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["energy value: about 4 kcal/g - available carbohydrate"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Carbohydrate, of which sugars, on labels","Names ending in -ose","Fibre is listed separately in many countries","Sugars are crystalline and sweet; starches are powders; cellulose forms plant fibres."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["classify carbohydrates by size","read carbohydrate and sugar values on labels","understand fibre as a carbohydrate","find professional dietary guidance"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving personal diet or diabetes advice","Confusing total carbohydrate and sugars"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EU food information regulation 1169/2011","Codex nutrition labelling guidelines","National dietary guidelines"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Energy storage, structure in plants and energy in the diet.","monosaccharides","disaccharides","oligosaccharides","polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose","dietary fibre"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q11358: carbohydrate","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Carbohydrate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should carbohydrate classes be separate entries?","How should dietary guidelines be localised?","How should fibre definitions be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11358/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11358/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T09:30:48Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}