{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.drum","code":"thing-q11404","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11404/","name":"drum","alternateNames":["Tasa","Udu","Shekere","Iya Ilu","Akuba Drum","Duma Drum","t´bol","bougarabou","Tamburello","geduk","agbosí","janggu"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A percussion instrument consisting of a membrane stretched over a hollow shell and sounded by striking with hands, sticks or mallets, found in almost every musical culture from frame drums and talking drums to orchestral timpani and the drum kit; drums are classified as membranophones and vary in shell material, head, tuning and playing technique.","purpose":"Let an agent identify drum types and their cultural origins with attribution, explain construction, tuning and playing, relay classification and standards, and separate drums from other percussion and from other senses of the word.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Membranophone","Struck by hands or sticks","Tunable in many types","Culturally specific forms and roles"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"Which drum this is.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Type and origin.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Type","description":"Type.","questions":[{"text":"What type of drum is it, and from which tradition, with attribution?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the instrument a drum, another percussion instrument, or is drum used in another sense?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"classification","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","findings":[{"id":"classification-finding","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"How is the drum classified in Hornbostel-Sachs and in its own tradition?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific drum?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"make","name":"Make","description":"Construction and tuning.","layers":[{"id":"construction","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","findings":[{"id":"construction-finding","name":"Construction","description":"Construction.","questions":[{"text":"How are shells and heads made, and from what materials?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits instrument making?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"tuning","name":"Tuning","description":"Tuning and sound.","findings":[{"id":"tuning-finding","name":"Tuning","description":"Tuning.","questions":[{"text":"How are drums tuned, and what determines their sound?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which entry fits acoustics of percussion?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"play","name":"Play","description":"Playing and roles.","layers":[{"id":"technique","name":"Technique","description":"Techniques.","findings":[{"id":"technique-finding","name":"Technique","description":"Technique.","questions":[{"text":"What playing techniques are used, and how are they taught?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"roles","name":"Roles","description":"Roles in music.","findings":[{"id":"roles-finding","name":"Roles","description":"Roles.","questions":[{"text":"What roles do drums play in ensembles, ceremony and signalling across cultures, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation respectful of the tradition?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and health.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did drums develop across cultures and periods?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of percussion?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Hearing and safety.","findings":[{"id":"health-finding","name":"Health","description":"Health.","questions":[{"text":"What hearing protection guidance applies to drummers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits hearing protection?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain kinds of drums, how they are tuned and how they are played.","Describe drums from different cultures with attribution to the traditions that use them.","Advise on hearing protection and practice volume for drummers and listeners."],"mustNot":["Present a sacred or ceremonial drum as a decoration or novelty.","Misattribute a drum or rhythm to the wrong culture.","Advise trading drums made from protected animal skins or woods without checking trade rules.","Play loud drums at hours or places where they disturb neighbours against their wishes."],"requiresHuman":["Buying, selling or moving historic or ceremonial drums across borders."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Some drums are sacred objects that communities ask outsiders to treat with care.","Prolonged loud drumming damages hearing for players and listeners."],"affectedParties":["Players","Communities who hold drums sacred","Neighbours and audiences"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or community that owns it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q19588483","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q34379","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"membranophone","type":"related","note":"in instrument classification"},{"target":"musical instrument","type":"related","note":"the category"},{"target":"idiophone","type":"related","note":"percussion without a membrane"},{"target":"percussion section","type":"related","note":"in ensembles"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.drum","Wikidata: Q11404 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11404)","Hornbostel-Sachs: 21 struck membranophones"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["head diameter: about 10-100 cm - by type","shell materials: wood, metal, clay, synthetic materials"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Membrane over a shell, struck to sound","Types by shape, heads and culture","Idiophones such as cymbals and bells have no membrane; a drum container is another sense","A cylindrical, conical, bowl or frame shell with one or two stretched heads, played with hands or sticks."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify the type and its origin","explain construction and tuning","describe playing techniques and roles","distinguish drums from other percussion"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hearing damage","Head breakage and tuning failure","Cultural misattribution of instruments","Trade restrictions on materials"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hornbostel-Sachs classification","Noise and hearing protection guidance for players","CITES restrictions on some skins and woods"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Rhythm, signalling and ceremony in music.","frame drums","kettle drums including timpani","cylindrical and barrel drums such as snare, bass and djembe","talking drums and pressure drums","the drum kit","electronic drums","pot drums such as the udu, and related shakers, sometimes grouped with drums"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q11404: drum","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11404","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Drum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each major drum type be a separate entry?","How should instrument collections be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific African instruments including shakers; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11404/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11404/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T21:10:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}