{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.solid","code":"thing-q11438","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11438/","name":"solid","alternateNames":["clathrate hydrate","solid food","sunflower press cake","press cake","linseed cake","dry lubricant","solid recovered fuel","solid acid","molecular solid","solid solution","solid sol","substitutional defect"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"One of the fundamental states of matter, in which particles are closely packed and held in fixed positions by strong interactions so that the material keeps a definite shape and volume and resists deformation, existing as crystalline solids with ordered lattices or amorphous solids without long-range order; solids include metals, ceramics, polymers, minerals and solid foods, and are studied in solid state physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the solid state and its properties, distinguish crystalline and amorphous solids and classes of solid materials, describe phase changes and applications, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Fixed shape","Rigidity","Crystalline or amorphous","Phase transitions"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What solids are.","layers":[{"id":"state","name":"State","description":"The solid state.","findings":[{"id":"state-finding","name":"State","description":"State.","questions":[{"text":"What defines the solid state, and how do particle interactions produce definite shape and volume?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the physical state or another sense such as solid food meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Crystalline and amorphous.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"How do crystalline and amorphous solids differ in structure and properties?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits crystals or glass?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties and changes.","layers":[{"id":"mechanical","name":"Mechanical","description":"Mechanical properties.","findings":[{"id":"mechanical-finding","name":"Mechanical","description":"Mechanical.","questions":[{"text":"How are elasticity, hardness, strength and brittleness of solids described and measured?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits materials testing?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"phase","name":"Phase","description":"Phase changes.","findings":[{"id":"phase-finding","name":"Phase","description":"Phase.","questions":[{"text":"How do melting, freezing, sublimation and glass transitions occur?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits phase transitions?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"materials","name":"Materials","description":"Classes of solid materials.","layers":[{"id":"classes","name":"Classes","description":"Metals, ceramics, polymers.","findings":[{"id":"classes-finding","name":"Classes","description":"Classes.","questions":[{"text":"How do metals, ceramics, polymers and composites differ as solids?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific material?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"applications","name":"Applications","description":"Applications.","findings":[{"id":"applications-finding","name":"Applications","description":"Applications.","questions":[{"text":"How is solid state physics applied in semiconductors, magnets and structural materials?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits solid state physics?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the understanding of solids develop from atomic theory to crystallography and quantum theory?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can states of matter be taught with demonstrations?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the solid state, crystalline and amorphous solids, with sources.","Report material properties of solids from published data."],"mustNot":["Treat rigidity as strength in claims about materials.","Present the solid-liquid boundary as sharp for materials such as glass or gels without qualification.","Confuse the physical state with other senses such as solid food.","Present material data as valid outside the conditions it was measured in."],"requiresHuman":["Approving materials for load-bearing or safety-critical uses."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Material errors in structures can cause failures that harm people.","Clear teaching avoids lasting misconceptions."],"affectedParties":["Students","Users of structures and products"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; it is held in common by physics.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q141158787","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q35758","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"matter","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"amount of matter","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"plasma","type":"related","note":"another state of matter"},{"target":"mineral","type":"related","note":"natural crystalline solids"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.solid","Wikidata: Q11438 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11438)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Density:  kg/m3 - Density is measured as mass per unit volume with temperature and treatment of pores specified.","Young's modulus:  Pa - Young's modulus is determined from the slope of axial stress against strain in the elastic region under stated test conditions.","Thermal conductivity:  W/(m K) - Thermal conductivity is measured from heat flow under a known temperature gradient with specimen orientation specified.","Linear thermal expansion coefficient:  1/K - Linear thermal expansion is determined from fractional length change over a stated temperature interval and direction."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Definite shape and volume","Particles in fixed positions","Liquids flow and take container shape; gases expand to fill","Materials with definite shape and volume."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the solid state","distinguish kinds of solids","describe phase changes and applications","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Oversimplifying the solid-liquid boundary","Confusing rigidity with strength","Mixing senses such as solid food"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Materials testing standards","Crystallographic conventions","Food standards for solid foods"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The solid state of matter.","crystalline solids","amorphous solids such as glass","metals, ceramics and polymers","solid foods and press cakes","clathrates and other structured solids"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q11438: solid","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11438","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Solid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should states of matter be a separate entry?","How should materials science resources be linked?","How should the food sense be handled?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11438/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11438/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T02:16:38Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}