{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.rule","code":"thing-q1151067","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1151067/","name":"rule","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A prescribed statement of what must, may or must not be done, or of how something is to be done, set by an authority, an agreement or a practice and communicated to those it binds, as in the rules of a game, an organisation, a legal system, a language or a formal procedure; rules differ from laws in generality and source, from norms in being explicit, and from principles in being specific, and the registry classes a rule as a message and an artificial object.","purpose":"Let an agent explain what rules are and how they function, distinguish rules from laws, norms, principles and guidelines, relay how rules are made, interpreted and enforced in different domains, and help draft and check rules.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Explicit and prescriptive","Source of authority","Scope of application","Enforcement or sanction"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"What a rule is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and distinctions.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a rule, and how does it differ from a law, a norm, a principle and a guideline?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a rule in a game, an organisation, law, language or computing?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What kinds of rule exist, and how do their sources and sanctions differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"draft","name":"Draft","description":"Making rules.","layers":[{"id":"write","name":"Write","description":"Drafting.","findings":[{"id":"write-finding","name":"Write","description":"Write.","questions":[{"text":"How are clear, consistent rules drafted for a given purpose?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What rules apply in the case in question?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"check","name":"Check","description":"Checking rules.","findings":[{"id":"check-finding","name":"Check","description":"Check.","questions":[{"text":"How can rules be checked for gaps, conflicts and unintended effects?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits legislative drafting?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Interpretation and enforcement.","layers":[{"id":"interpretation","name":"Interpretation","description":"Interpretation.","findings":[{"id":"interpretation-finding","name":"Interpretation","description":"Interpretation.","questions":[{"text":"How are rules interpreted when their wording and purpose diverge, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"enforcement","name":"Enforcement","description":"Enforcement.","findings":[{"id":"enforcement-finding","name":"Enforcement","description":"Enforcement.","questions":[{"text":"How are rules enforced in games, organisations and law?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Theory and formal rules.","layers":[{"id":"philosophy","name":"Philosophy","description":"Philosophy of rules.","findings":[{"id":"philosophy-finding","name":"Philosophy","description":"Philosophy.","questions":[{"text":"How do philosophers such as Wittgenstein and Hart treat rules and rule-following?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits philosophy of law?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"formal","name":"Formal","description":"Formal rules.","findings":[{"id":"formal-finding","name":"Formal","description":"Formal.","questions":[{"text":"How are rules represented in logic, grammar and rule-based systems?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits rule-based system?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["State a rule exactly as written, with its source and the authority that set it.","Point out ambiguity or conflict between rules.","Apply a rule it has been given to tasks it is authorized to do, explaining the result."],"mustNot":["Invent a rule or present a habit as a binding rule.","Apply a rule against its evident purpose where that causes harm, without raising it.","Enforce a rule against people who could not have known it.","Change a shared rule set without the authority that owns it."],"requiresHuman":["Granting an exception or penalty under a rule that affects a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rules can protect fairness or entrench injustice; their purpose matters.","Rigid automated enforcement can punish people for cases the rule did not foresee."],"affectedParties":["People bound by rules","Rule makers","People seeking exceptions"]},"owners":{"steward":"The authority, organisation or parties that set it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q16686448","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q628523","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"message","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"artificial object","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"norm","type":"related","note":"which may be implicit"},{"target":"law","type":"related","note":"rules of a legal system"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.rule","Wikidata: Q1151067 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151067)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Explicit prescription of conduct or procedure","Set by an authority, agreement or practice","Laws are rules of a legal system; norms may be implicit; principles are general","Not a visible object; statements in rulebooks, statutes, codes and instructions."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the concept and kinds","distinguish from related concepts","relay how rules are made and enforced","help draft and check rules"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ambiguous or conflicting rules","Rules unknown to those bound","Rigid application against purpose"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Legislative drafting standards","Rulebooks of sports and organisations","Standards for formal rule languages in computing"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Guiding and constraining conduct or procedure.","rules of games and sports","organisational and procedural rules","legal rules and regulations","grammatical and linguistic rules","formal rules in logic and computing","rules of thumb and heuristics as looser forms"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q1151067: rule","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151067","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia (de): Regel (Richtlinie)","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regel_%28Richtlinie%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should legal rule and game rule be separate entries?","How should drafting standards be linked?","Is the registry classification as artificial object appropriate?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1151067/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1151067/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T22:24:12Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}