{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.copying","code":"thing-q1156791","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1156791/","name":"copying","alternateNames":["key duplication","continuous data protection","digital reproduction","reblogging","tracing","shuanggou tianmo","ditto","mimeography","direct duplication","reduction printing","reformat","emulation"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The act of making a duplicate of something, whether a physical object such as a key, a document or a work of art, or digital data, including tracing and hand-copying methods such as the Chinese shuanggou tianmo outline-and-fill technique for calligraphy, mechanical and digital reproduction, continuous data protection that copies every change, and online reposting such as reblogging; copying underlies backup, learning and distribution and raises questions of authenticity and copyright.","purpose":"Let an agent explain copying across physical, artistic and digital senses, relay methods from technical and art historical sources, describe legal and ethical questions with attribution, and distinguish copying from forgery, plagiarism and original creation.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Original and duplicate","Physical and digital","Fidelity varies","Legal implications"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What copying is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is copying, and how does it differ from forgery, plagiarism and derivative work?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about physical copying, art copying, digital copying or data protection?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","questions":[{"text":"What are key duplication, tracing, shuanggou tianmo, digital reproduction and continuous data protection?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific method?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"art","name":"Art","description":"Copying in art and learning.","layers":[{"id":"calligraphy","name":"Calligraphy","description":"Calligraphy and painting.","findings":[{"id":"calligraphy-finding","name":"Calligraphy","description":"Calligraphy.","questions":[{"text":"How has copying served as training and transmission in Chinese calligraphy and Western art?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"authenticity","name":"Authenticity","description":"Authenticity.","findings":[{"id":"authenticity-finding","name":"Authenticity","description":"Authenticity.","questions":[{"text":"How do museums and scholars distinguish copies, replicas and forgeries, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"digital","name":"Digital","description":"Digital copying.","layers":[{"id":"backup","name":"Backup","description":"Backup and data protection.","findings":[{"id":"backup-finding","name":"Backup","description":"Backup.","questions":[{"text":"How do backups and continuous data protection copy data, and what practices are recommended?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits backup?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"sharing","name":"Sharing","description":"Online sharing.","findings":[{"id":"sharing-finding","name":"Sharing","description":"Sharing.","questions":[{"text":"How do reblogging and reposting work, and what norms and rules apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits reblogging?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Law and history.","layers":[{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Copyright.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Law.","questions":[{"text":"How does copyright regulate copying, and what exceptions exist, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own situation, which needs legal advice?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did copying develop from scribes to printing to digital reproduction?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of printing?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain senses and methods","relay technical and artistic practices","describe legal questions","distinguish related concepts"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Let an agent explain copying across physical, artistic and digital senses, relay methods from technical and art historical sources, describe legal and ethical questions with attribution, and distinguish copying from forgery, plagiarism and original creation."],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1914636","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3249551","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q9073584","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"activity","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"process","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"copyright","type":"related","note":"for protected works"},{"target":"forgery","type":"related","note":"which intends to deceive"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.copying","Wikidata: Q1156791 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156791)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Making a duplicate","Key duplication, tracing, shuanggou tianmo, digital reproduction, continuous data protection, reblogging","Forgery deceives; plagiarism claims credit; a derivative work transforms","Not a visible object; a duplicate produced from an original."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain senses and methods","relay technical and artistic practices","describe legal questions","distinguish related concepts"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Copyright infringement","Loss of fidelity in copies","Unauthorised key duplication"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Copyright law and exceptions such as fair use and private copying","Data protection and backup standards","Key control rules for restricted keys"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Producing duplicates.","physical copying such as key duplication and casting","hand copying and tracing including shuanggou tianmo in calligraphy","mechanical reproduction such as printing and photocopying","digital reproduction and file copying","data protection copying such as backups and continuous data protection","social sharing such as reblogging and reposting"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should backup and reblogging be separate primary entries?","How should legal sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases from unrelated fields; should they be split off?","Which entry fits the specific method?","How do backups and continuous data protection copy data, and what practices are recommended?","Which entry fits backup?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1156791/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1156791/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T05:02:28Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"derived","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.812}}