{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.benchmark","code":"thing-q1161707","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1161707/","name":"benchmark","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"","entryKind":"","plane":"","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A fixed physical reference point of known elevation or position used in surveying and levelling, such as a bolt, plate or carved mark on a building, a GNSS permanent station, a boundary point or a high water mark; benchmarks form geodetic networks that underpin mapping, construction and monitoring, and the word also denotes a standard for comparison in computing and business.","purpose":"Let an agent explain survey benchmarks and geodetic reference points, help find and use them, explain their maintenance and protection, and separate the comparison sense of benchmark.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Known elevation or position","Part of a network","Physically fixed","Protected"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"find","name":"Find","description":"Locating benchmarks.","layers":[{"id":"locate","name":"Locate","description":"Finding a benchmark.","findings":[{"id":"locate-finding","name":"Locate","description":"Finding.","questions":[{"text":"Where is the nearest benchmark, and what are its recorded height and datum, according to the survey authority?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is it still intact?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Benchmark data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"Which datum and reference frame does this benchmark use?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How is height transferred from it?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Surveying with benchmarks.","layers":[{"id":"levelling","name":"Levelling","description":"Levelling.","findings":[{"id":"levelling-finding","name":"Levelling","description":"Levelling.","questions":[{"text":"How is a benchmark used in levelling to establish heights on a site?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which errors must be controlled?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"gnss","name":"GNSS","description":"Permanent stations.","findings":[{"id":"gnss-finding","name":"GNSS","description":"GNSS stations.","questions":[{"text":"How do GNSS permanent stations serve as benchmarks, and how are their data accessed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How do datums relate to GNSS heights?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"protect","name":"Protect","description":"Maintenance.","layers":[{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Protection.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Protection.","questions":[{"text":"Which laws protect survey marks, and how should damage be reported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What are the penalties for disturbing them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Historic benchmarks.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"What are the historical benchmarks on buildings and their symbols?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are they catalogued by enthusiasts and authorities?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"comparison","name":"Comparison","description":"Benchmark as standard.","findings":[{"id":"comparison-finding","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is benchmark meant as a standard of comparison in computing, business or finance?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching surveying.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can benchmarks and datums be taught?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain benchmark types and networks","find benchmarks and their data","explain use in levelling and GNSS","separate the comparison sense"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"geodetic station","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"geographical marker","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"navigational aid","type":"related","note":"other markers"},{"target":"time zone","type":"related","note":"time reference by analogy"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Marked reference points","Recorded in survey registers","A trig point is a triangulation station for horizontal control","Marks, bolts, plates or pillars with known coordinates or heights."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain benchmark types and networks","find benchmarks and their data","explain use in levelling and GNSS","separate the comparison sense"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Disturbed or destroyed marks","Datum confusion","Confusing senses"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National geodetic datum and survey standards","Laws protecting survey marks","GNSS reference frame standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Surveying, mapping and construction.","levelling benchmarks such as bolts and plates","GNSS permanent stations","boundary points","tidal and high water marks","historical benchmarks on buildings"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should GNSS stations be a separate entry?","How should benchmark databases be linked?","How should datum changes be recorded?","How is height transferred from it?","How is a benchmark used in levelling to establish heights on a site?","Which entry fits?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1161707/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1161707/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T20:44:32Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"missing","interaction.properties":"missing","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.676}}