{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.election-campaign","code":"thing-q11642595","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11642595/","name":"election campaign","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"","entryKind":"","plane":"","domain":["SOC.ORG"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An organised effort by candidates, parties or groups to win votes in an election, involving messaging, canvassing, advertising, rallies, debates, fundraising and voter mobilisation, including forms the registry aliases name such as municipal and gubernatorial campaigns, internet election campaigns, defeat campaigns aimed at unseating a candidate, and campaigns in Japan, where election law strictly regulates campaign periods, door-to-door canvassing is banned and grassroots street-level campaigning is called dobuita senkyo, with online campaigning permitted since 2013; campaigns are governed by rules on finance, advertising, disinformation and foreign interference that vary by country, and assessments of campaign tactics are attributed.","purpose":"Let an agent explain election campaigns, relay activities, strategy, regulation and national variations from political science and electoral law sources neutrally with assessments attributed, describe the named forms, and distinguish election campaigns from political campaigns generally, referendum campaigns, advocacy campaigns and governing, without supporting any candidate or party.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Time-limited","Voter persuasion and mobilisation","Finance rules","National variation"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What an election campaign is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is an election campaign, and how does it differ from political, referendum and advocacy campaigns and governing?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about how to vote or current election dates, which need official electoral authority sources, with no candidate endorsed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Named forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"What are municipal, gubernatorial, internet and defeat campaigns, and what is dobuita senkyo in Japan?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific form?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"strategy","name":"Strategy","description":"Strategy.","layers":[{"id":"mobilisation","name":"Mobilisation","description":"Voter mobilisation.","findings":[{"id":"mobilisation-finding","name":"Mobilisation","description":"Mobilisation.","questions":[{"text":"What do field experiments show about canvassing and turnout, with studies attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"digital","name":"Digital","description":"Digital campaigning.","findings":[{"id":"digital-finding","name":"Digital","description":"Digital.","questions":[{"text":"How have social media and microtargeting changed campaigns, with assessments attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Regulation.","layers":[{"id":"finance","name":"Finance","description":"Campaign finance.","findings":[{"id":"finance-finding","name":"Finance","description":"Finance.","questions":[{"text":"How do countries regulate donations and spending?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits campaign finance?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"japan","name":"Japan","description":"Japanese election law.","findings":[{"id":"japan-finding","name":"Japan","description":"Japan.","questions":[{"text":"How does Japan regulate campaign periods, canvassing and online campaigning?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Integrity.","layers":[{"id":"disinformation","name":"Disinformation","description":"Disinformation.","findings":[{"id":"disinformation-finding","name":"Disinformation","description":"Disinformation.","questions":[{"text":"What do election authorities and researchers report about disinformation and foreign interference, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"negative","name":"Negative campaigning","description":"Negative campaigning.","findings":[{"id":"negative-finding","name":"Negative campaigning","description":"Negative campaigning.","questions":[{"text":"What do political scientists find about negative campaigning effects?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits negative campaigning?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain activities and strategy","relay regulation","describe named forms","present assessments with attribution"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"political campaign","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"campaign finance law","type":"related"},{"target":"canvassing","type":"related"},{"target":"referendum campaign","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Japan online campaigning allowed: 2013 year - Public Offices Election Act amendment","US Federal Election Campaign Act: 1971 year","Citizens United decision: 2010 year - US Supreme Court"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Organised effort to win an election","Municipal political campaign, dobuita election, internet election campaign, gubernatorial campaign, defeat campaign, electoral campaign in Japan","Political campaigns include issue efforts; referendum campaigns concern ballot questions; advocacy campaigns seek policy change; governing follows elections","Posters, rallies, canvassers, advertisements and debates."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain activities and strategy","relay regulation","describe named forms","present assessments with attribution"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Partisan content","Disinformation","Breaching campaign finance rules"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National election and campaign finance laws","Japan Public Offices Election Act","EU rules on political advertising"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Winning voter support in elections.","national campaigns","local and municipal campaigns","digital campaigns","negative and defeat campaigns","grassroots campaigns"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should dobuita senkyo be a separate entry?","How should national campaign rules be linked and kept current?","Should defeat campaigns be moved to negative campaigning entries?","Which entry fits the specific form?","Which entry fits campaign finance?","Which entry fits negative campaigning?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11642595/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11642595/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T01:02:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"missing","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.719}}