{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.frequency","code":"thing-q11652","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11652/","name":"frequency","alternateNames":["fetal heart rate","heart rate","respiratory rate","resting heart rate","radio frequency","intermediate frequency","International distress frequency","A band","Earth observation satellite transmission frequency","maritime distress frequency","instruction rate","rotational speed"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QTY"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time, measured in hertz, where one hertz is one cycle per second.","purpose":"Let an agent handle frequency with its unit, its measurement and its many applications, from radio bands to heart rate, and keep the quantity separate from what is oscillating.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The reciprocal of period","Distinct from angular frequency, which is 2 pi times frequency","A property of a repeating process, not the process itself","Rates in per-minute units are frequencies too"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"quantity-and-unit","name":"Quantity and unit","description":"What is measured and in what.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Cycles per unit time.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition used","description":"Ordinary or angular frequency.","questions":[{"text":"Is this ordinary or angular frequency?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Of what repeating process?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"unit","name":"Unit","description":"Hertz and multiples, or per minute.","findings":[{"id":"unit-finding","name":"Unit used","description":"The unit and scale.","questions":[{"text":"In which unit is it given?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does it convert to hertz?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"measurement","name":"Measurement","description":"How frequency is measured.","layers":[{"id":"method","name":"Method","description":"Counting, spectrum, timing.","findings":[{"id":"method-finding","name":"Method used","description":"The instrument and method.","questions":[{"text":"How was the frequency measured?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What reference oscillator or standard was used?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"stability","name":"Stability","description":"Drift and jitter.","findings":[{"id":"stability-finding","name":"Stability data","description":"How stable the frequency is.","questions":[{"text":"How stable is the frequency over time?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What causes it to drift?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"spectrum","name":"Spectrum","description":"Radio frequencies and their use.","layers":[{"id":"allocation","name":"Allocation","description":"Bands and services.","findings":[{"id":"allocation-finding","name":"Band allocation","description":"The band and allocated service.","questions":[{"text":"Which band and service does this frequency belong to?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is a licence required to transmit on it?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"interference","name":"Interference","description":"Harmful interference.","findings":[{"id":"interference-finding","name":"Interference risk","description":"Risks of interference.","questions":[{"text":"What could this transmission interfere with?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is interference reported and resolved?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"applications","name":"Applications","description":"Where frequency matters.","layers":[{"id":"physiological","name":"Physiological rates","description":"Heart and breathing rates.","findings":[{"id":"physiological-finding","name":"Rate context","description":"The rate and its normal range.","questions":[{"text":"What is this rate, and what is the normal range for this person group?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"When must a clinician interpret it?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"power-and-audio","name":"Power and audio","description":"Mains and sound.","findings":[{"id":"power-and-audio-finding","name":"Engineering context","description":"The engineering context.","questions":[{"text":"Which mains frequency applies here?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What frequency range does this audio device handle?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Measure frequency and report it with its unit.","Tune equipment it controls to frequencies its licence allows."],"mustNot":["Transmit on frequencies without a licence where one is required.","Jam or interfere with frequencies used by others, especially emergency and aviation services.","Confuse frequency with angular frequency or per-minute with per-second in safety-critical values."],"requiresHuman":["Changing transmission frequencies on licensed equipment."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Radio spectrum is a shared public resource; interference can endanger lives."],"affectedParties":["Spectrum users","Emergency and aviation services"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the quantity; national spectrum regulators manage radio frequency use.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National spectrum licence registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q107715","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q141256417","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q181175","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q98690850","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"physical quantity","type":"related","note":"SI derived quantity"},{"target":"period","type":"related","note":"f = 1/T"},{"target":"radio spectrum","type":"related","note":"spectrum use is regulated"},{"target":"wavelength","type":"related","note":"for waves, speed equals frequency times wavelength"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.frequency","Wikidata: Q11652 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652)","SI unit symbol: Hz hertz","ITU band designation: VLF to EHF radio bands"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["SI unit: hertz Hz - 1 Hz = 1 per second","audible sound: 20-20000 Hz","mains electricity: 50 or 60 Hz - depends on region"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["A value with Hz, kHz, MHz or GHz, or per minute for rates","Peaks on a spectrum plot","Rates such as heart rate and respiratory rate are frequencies in per-minute units","Not visible directly; shown as a number in hertz, as the spacing of peaks on a trace, or as position on a spectrum display."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["measure it, with counters, spectrum analysers or by timing","convert it to period, as the reciprocal","allocate it, for radio spectrum, under regulation","filter or tune to it, in electronics"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing frequency and angular frequency by a factor of 2 pi","Using a frequency without a licence where one is required","Misreading per-minute rates as per-second"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["SI Brochure","ITU Radio Regulations on spectrum allocation","National spectrum regulators"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Describing how often something repeats: waves, signals, rotations, heartbeats and events.","temporal frequency of waves and signals","rotational frequency","physiological rates: heart rate, respiratory rate","radio frequency bands"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q11652: frequency","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Frequency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should physiological rates be linked to this entry or kept separate?","How should spectrum allocations be represented per country?","Should angular frequency be its own entry?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11652/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11652/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T04:35:51Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}