{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.photosynthesis","code":"thing-q11982","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11982/","name":"photosynthesis","alternateNames":["anoxygenic photosynthesis"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The process by which plants, algae and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, in oxygenic photosynthesis using water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and release oxygen, and in anoxygenic photosynthesis of certain bacteria using other electron donors; photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plants and algae and in photosynthetic membrane systems in bacteria, which lack chloroplasts, while photosynthetic carbon fixation uses the Calvin cycle in plants, algae and many bacteria but alternative pathways in some bacteria; photosynthesis supplies most of the biosphere with energy and oxygen and is studied for agriculture, climate and energy.","purpose":"Let an agent explain photosynthesis and its mechanisms, distinguish oxygenic and anoxygenic forms, relate it to agriculture, climate and energy, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Light capture","Carbon fixation","Oxygen release in oxygenic form","Global significance"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"How photosynthesis works.","layers":[{"id":"mechanism","name":"Mechanism","description":"Reactions.","findings":[{"id":"mechanism-finding","name":"Mechanism","description":"Mechanism.","questions":[{"text":"What happens in the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle, and where do they occur?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How do C3, C4 and CAM pathways differ?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Oxygenic and anoxygenic.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"How does anoxygenic photosynthesis in bacteria differ from oxygenic photosynthesis?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How did photosynthesis evolve, according to research?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"agriculture","name":"Agriculture","description":"Crops and growth.","findings":[{"id":"agriculture-finding","name":"Agriculture","description":"Agriculture.","questions":[{"text":"How do light, carbon dioxide, water and temperature affect photosynthesis and crop yield?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How is photosynthesis measured in the field?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"climate","name":"Climate","description":"Climate and carbon.","findings":[{"id":"climate-finding","name":"Climate","description":"Climate.","questions":[{"text":"How does photosynthesis shape the carbon cycle and atmospheric oxygen?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the carbon cycle?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"energy","name":"Energy","description":"Energy research.","layers":[{"id":"artificial","name":"Artificial","description":"Artificial photosynthesis.","findings":[{"id":"artificial-finding","name":"Artificial","description":"Artificial.","questions":[{"text":"What is artificial photosynthesis, and how far has research progressed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits solar fuels?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"improve","name":"Improve","description":"Improving photosynthesis.","findings":[{"id":"improve-finding","name":"Improve","description":"Improvement.","questions":[{"text":"How are researchers trying to improve photosynthetic efficiency in crops?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are notable?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching and history.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching photosynthesis.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can photosynthesis be taught with experiments and models?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of discovery.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was photosynthesis discovered, from van Helmont and Priestley to Calvin?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain photosynthesis, its light and dark reactions and its forms from textbooks.","Distinguish photosynthesis from respiration."],"mustNot":["Present the simplified equation as the full process.","Misstate that oxygen comes from carbon dioxide rather than water.","Confuse oxygenic with anoxygenic photosynthesis.","Use photosynthesis to support misleading claims about offsetting emissions."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing carbon uptake estimates used in offset or policy decisions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Photosynthesis sustains food and oxygen for nearly all life.","Overstated claims about plant carbon uptake can mislead climate policy."],"affectedParties":["Students","Farmers","Climate policy audiences"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a natural process held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q13416689","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"cell metabolism","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"greenhouse effect","type":"related","note":"carbon cycle"},{"target":"plant disease","type":"related","note":"reduced photosynthesis in disease"},{"target":"illumination unit","type":"related","note":"measuring light for growth"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.photosynthesis","Wikidata: Q11982 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Light to chemical energy","Oxygenic or anoxygenic","Respiration releases energy from sugars instead","Not visible directly; green tissues in light."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain mechanisms","distinguish forms","relate to agriculture and climate","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Oversimplified equations","Confusing photosynthesis with respiration","Misstating oxygen sources"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Standard methods for measuring photosynthesis","Carbon accounting standards","Science education standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Converting light to chemical energy.","oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and algae","cyanobacterial photosynthesis","anoxygenic photosynthesis","C3, C4 and CAM pathways","artificial photosynthesis research"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q11982: photosynthesis","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Photosynthesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each pathway be a separate entry?","How should measurement methods be linked?","How should artificial photosynthesis be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q11982/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q11982/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T23:57:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}