{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.breton","code":"thing-q12107","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12107/","name":"Breton","alternateNames":["Batz-sur-Mer Breton","Cornouaille Breton","Gwenedeg","Trégorrois Breton","Old Breton","Leonais","Middle Breton"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A Southwestern Brythonic Celtic language spoken in Brittany in northwestern France, brought from Britain by settlers in the early Middle Ages, attested as Old Breton from the ninth century, with four traditional dialects, Leonais, Tregorrois, Cornouaillais and Gwenedeg or Vannetais, and local varieties such as the Breton of Batz-sur-Mer, now spoken by about 200 000 people, mostly older, and revived through Diwan immersion schools and a standard written form; Breton is classified as severely endangered by UNESCO.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Breton language and its dialects, relay its status, revival and speaker numbers from linguistic and official sources, describe history and literature, and route to entries for specific dialects.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Brythonic Celtic","Four dialects","Endangered status","Revival movement"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Breton is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and classification.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Breton, and how is it related to Cornish and Welsh?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about Breton, a specific dialect, Gallo or another Celtic language?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dialects","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","findings":[{"id":"dialects-finding","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","questions":[{"text":"How do Leonais, Tregorrois, Cornouaillais and Gwenedeg differ, and what is the Batz-sur-Mer variety?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific dialect?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Grammar and writing.","layers":[{"id":"grammar","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","findings":[{"id":"grammar-finding","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main features of Breton phonology and grammar, including mutations?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"orthography","name":"Orthography","description":"Orthography.","findings":[{"id":"orthography-finding","name":"Orthography","description":"Orthography.","questions":[{"text":"What orthographies exist, and how did the peurunvan standard emerge, with debates attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Breton orthography?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and revival.","layers":[{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What is the legal status of Breton in France, and what policies support it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"revival","name":"Revival","description":"Revival.","findings":[{"id":"revival-finding","name":"Revival","description":"Revival.","questions":[{"text":"How do Diwan schools, media and adult classes support revival, and how are speaker numbers changing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Diwan?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and culture.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Breton develop from Old Breton through Middle Breton, and how did it decline in the twentieth century?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Old Breton?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Literature and music.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"What are the major works of Breton literature and the role of music and festivals?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Breton literature?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate and generate Breton text where the agent has reliable competence, flagging uncertainty and dialect.","Describe the language, its dialects, its history and its revitalisation from scholarly sources.","Support Breton in interfaces, teaching material and accessibility tools."],"mustNot":["Describe Breton as a dialect of French or as a dead language.","Treat the unified written standard as the only legitimate form, erasing the traditional dialects.","Publish low-quality machine-generated Breton as if produced by fluent speakers.","Use community language recordings or corpora without the speakers' consent."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing Breton material on behalf of a community or institution.","Any use of recordings of elderly native speakers."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Breton speakers were punished for using their language in school, and the language is now endangered.","Revitalisation depends on a shrinking number of elderly native speakers whose recordings are precious."],"affectedParties":["Breton speakers and learners","Elderly native speakers","Breton cultural organisations"]},"owners":{"steward":"The speech community; the regional language office and cultural bodies maintain standards and corpora.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q2612853","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Southwestern Brythonic","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Brittany","type":"related","note":"in France"},{"target":"Cornish language","type":"related","note":"its sister language"},{"target":"Diwan","type":"related","note":"immersion schools"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.breton","Wikidata: Q12107 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12107)","ISO 639-1: br","ISO 639-3: bre"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["speakers: about 200000 count - estimates vary","UNESCO status: severely endangered category","Diwan schools founded: 1977 year"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Brythonic Celtic language of Brittany","Leonais, Tregorrois, Cornouaillais, Gwenedeg dialects; Old and Middle Breton","Cornish and Welsh are sister languages; Gallo is the Romance language of eastern Brittany","Not a visible object; written in the Latin alphabet with a peurunvan orthography."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the language and dialects","relay status and revival","relay history and literature","route to specific dialects"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Stale speaker estimates","Conflating dialects with the standard","Presenting language policy debates as settled"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["French constitutional recognition of regional languages as heritage","Brittany regional language policy and the Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg","European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, signed but not ratified by France"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a language.","Old Breton","Middle Breton","Leonais or Leon dialect","Tregorrois or Treger dialect","Cornouaillais or Kerne dialect","Gwenedeg or Vannetais dialect","local varieties such as Batz-sur-Mer Breton","standard written Breton"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12107: Breton","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12107","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Breton language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the four dialects be separate entries?","How should linguistic and policy sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects and historical stages; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12107/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12107/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:51:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}