{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.passover","code":"thing-q121393","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q121393/","name":"Passover","alternateNames":["Mechirat Hametz","Pesach Sheni","Chol HaMoed"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Passover (Hebrew: Pesach) is the Jewish festival that begins at nightfall on 15 Nisan and commemorates the Exodus from Egypt through a household ritual meal (the seder, with Haggadah recitation), a week-long ban on chametz (leaven from the five cereal grains), and the eating of matzah; in biblical law the name denotes the 14 Nisan paschal offering, later fused with the seven-day Festival of Unleavened Bread.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise a Passover observance, assess its preparation and current state against the participants' declared practice, and identify appropriate next actions.","scope":{"in":["Identification of an occurrence as Passover and its relationship to the annual festival","Locally applicable festival dates, day boundaries and phases","Seder arrangements, narrative participation and ritual readiness","Passover-specific food standards and handling of chametz","Participants' adopted customs, observance commitments and unresolved decisions"],"out":["Historical reconstruction of the Exodus and adjudication of its historicity","Judaism as a religion or a complete model of Jewish law","General household inventory, catering operations and food-safety management","Synagogue administration and year-round worship scheduling","Independent Christian commemorations or other events using Passover terminology","General travel, employment and school-calendar management"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The occurrence is explicitly identified as Jewish Passover or Pesach; a shared date or the word Passover alone is insufficient.","The observance connects its identity to remembrance and transmission of the Exodus, rather than merely being a seasonal communal meal.","The model distinguishes the festival from an individual seder: a seder may belong to a Passover occurrence without exhausting its scope.","Matzah, chametz-related commitments and seder practices are recorded as Passover-specific dimensions, while omissions or adaptations do not automatically invalidate identification.","Dates and practice are established from the participants' location, community and adopted authority rather than inferred solely from a generic holiday calendar."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"festival-identity-and-practice","name":"Festival identity and practice","description":"Establishes what is being observed and whose practice governs the occurrence.","layers":[{"id":"festival-and-occurrence","name":"Festival and occurrence","description":"Connects the registered festival to a particular household or community observance.","findings":[{"id":"passover-identification","name":"Passover identification","description":"Records the participants' identification of the observance and distinguishes its overall scope from associated meals or services.","questions":[{"text":"What establishes this occurrence as Jewish Passover or Pesach?","id":"passover-identification-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does this record represent the whole festival observance, a seder within it, or another associated activity?","id":"passover-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"adopted-practice","name":"Adopted practice","description":"Makes community customs and decision authority explicit.","findings":[{"id":"practice-and-decision-basis","name":"Practice and decision basis","description":"Records declared customs, their supporting guidance and who resolves differences among participants.","questions":[{"text":"Which community customs and guidance sources have the participants chosen for this Passover?","id":"practice-and-decision-basis-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who should resolve a disagreement about a Passover requirement or a proposed adaptation?","id":"practice-and-decision-basis-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"calendar-and-festival-phases","name":"Calendar and festival phases","description":"Locates the observance in time and distinguishes phases relevant to preparation and conduct.","layers":[{"id":"local-calendar-resolution","name":"Local calendar resolution","description":"Resolves festival dates and times for the actual place and practice of observance.","findings":[{"id":"festival-boundaries","name":"Festival boundaries","description":"Records the applicable interval, locality and calendar evidence, including any travel-related uncertainty.","questions":[{"text":"What local start and end times apply to this occurrence, and which calendar source supplies them?","id":"festival-boundaries-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do location, adopted practice or travel create uncertainty about the festival's duration or applicable boundaries?","id":"festival-boundaries-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"phase-dependent-preparation","name":"Phase-dependent preparation","description":"Connects preparation and observance commitments to their applicable festival phases.","findings":[{"id":"passover-deadlines-and-transitions","name":"Passover deadlines and transitions","description":"Tracks relevant preparation deadlines and transitions between days with differing declared commitments.","questions":[{"text":"Which deadlines apply to chametz preparation, seder preparation and other adopted pre-festival practices?","id":"passover-deadlines-and-transitions-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which pending actions require attention before the next locally applicable festival boundary?","id":"passover-deadlines-and-transitions-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"seder-and-exodus-transmission","name":"Seder and Exodus transmission","description":"Models seder occasions as structured opportunities for ritual participation and transmission of the Exodus narrative.","layers":[{"id":"seder-structure-and-materials","name":"Seder structure and materials","description":"Connects planned seder occasions to their chosen texts, ritual sequence and materials.","findings":[{"id":"chosen-seder-practice","name":"Chosen seder practice","description":"Records the Haggadah or other declared guide and derives preparation needs from that choice.","questions":[{"text":"Which seder occasions are planned, and which Haggadah, language and customs will guide each?","id":"chosen-seder-practice-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which ritual foods, objects and texts are required by that plan, and which remain unavailable or unresolved?","id":"chosen-seder-practice-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"narrative-and-participation","name":"Narrative and participation","description":"Supports questioning, storytelling and meaningful participation in the seder.","findings":[{"id":"accessible-exodus-retelling","name":"Accessible Exodus retelling","description":"Records how participants will engage with the Exodus narrative and how participation barriers will be addressed.","questions":[{"text":"How will this seder make room for retelling the Exodus, asking questions and discussing its meaning?","id":"accessible-exodus-retelling-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What language, age-related or accessibility adaptations do participants request, and who will prepare them?","id":"accessible-exodus-retelling-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"chametz-and-passover-food","name":"Chametz and Passover food","description":"Records Passover-specific decisions about chametz, food acceptance and preparation spaces.","layers":[{"id":"chametz-handling","name":"Chametz handling","description":"Tracks the scope and status of adopted chametz-related preparation.","findings":[{"id":"chametz-preparation-account","name":"Chametz preparation account","description":"Records relevant spaces and items, intended handling and evidence that the chosen preparation was completed.","questions":[{"text":"Which spaces and possessions fall within the participants' adopted chametz preparation responsibilities?","id":"chametz-preparation-account-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which search, removal, disposal, sale or other handling steps are adopted, and what confirms their completion?","id":"chametz-preparation-account-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"food-and-kitchen-acceptance","name":"Food and kitchen acceptance","description":"Connects ingredients, prepared food and kitchen use to explicit Passover acceptance criteria.","findings":[{"id":"passover-suitability-decisions","name":"Passover suitability decisions","description":"Records the basis for accepting matzah, other foods, utensils and preparation arrangements, including differing customs.","questions":[{"text":"What guidance or certification supports acceptance of the planned foods and kitchen arrangements for these participants?","id":"passover-suitability-decisions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which choices involving matzah, kitniyot, utensils or shared preparation remain disputed or undecided?","id":"passover-suitability-decisions-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What menu or preparation changes are needed to meet the participants' declared standards and dietary requirements?","id":"passover-suitability-decisions-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"observance-commitments-and-coordination","name":"Observance commitments and coordination","description":"Connects Passover commitments to practical participation, scheduling and authorised assistance.","layers":[{"id":"day-specific-commitments","name":"Day-specific commitments","description":"Records adopted worship and activity commitments for the different days of the festival.","findings":[{"id":"observance-and-schedule-fit","name":"Observance and schedule fit","description":"Identifies conflicts between planned activities and participants' declared festival-day practices.","questions":[{"text":"Which prayer, gathering, work, travel or technology commitments do participants adopt on each festival day?","id":"observance-and-schedule-fit-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which proposed activities conflict with those commitments and require rescheduling or participant review?","id":"observance-and-schedule-fit-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"hosting-and-participant-agency","name":"Hosting and participant agency","description":"Coordinates attendance and contributions while preserving participant control over religious decisions.","findings":[{"id":"participation-and-assistance-boundaries","name":"Participation and assistance boundaries","description":"Records hosting arrangements, guest needs and the decisions an agent is authorised to execute.","questions":[{"text":"Who is hosting or attending each seder, and what food contributions or participation needs require agreement beforehand?","id":"participation-and-assistance-boundaries-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which arrangements may the agent make directly, and which religious or custom-sensitive decisions require a named person's judgment?","id":"participation-and-assistance-boundaries-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Passover this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Give the festival's dates and customs, noting differences between communities.","Help plan a seder, including food that meets a household's chosen dietary rules."],"mustNot":["Mislabel food as kosher for Passover when it is not certified or checked.","Repeat antisemitic myths connected with the festival, such as blood libel, except to explain and refute them.","Present one community's customs as binding on all Jews.","Schedule required work or exams for observant people on the holy days without accommodation."],"requiresHuman":["Certifying food or a kitchen as fit for Passover use."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Passover has been a pretext for antisemitic violence in history.","Religious observance deserves accommodation at work and school."],"affectedParties":["Jewish communities and households","Observant students and workers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the festival; Jewish communities and their religious authorities keep it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3572511","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q94920","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.passover","Wikidata: Q121393 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121393)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Occurrence identity: Registered Passover concept, occurrence year and observing household or community","Practice basis: Participant-declared community, custom, guidance source and unresolved alternatives","Local festival interval: Start and end timestamps with timezone, locality and calendar source","Observance phase: Preparation, festival underway, concluded, or unresolved; with locally defined subphases","Seder arrangement: Planned seder occasions, hosted or attended, adapted, not planned, or undecided","Chametz preparation status: Unassessed, planned, in progress, complete against declared requirements, or unresolved","Food acceptance basis: Declared ingredient, certification, preparation and community-custom criteria","Participation requirements: Participants linked to language, accessibility, dietary and ritual participation needs"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a Passover occurrence's local calendar boundaries and produce a source-linked preparation schedule.","Assess seder readiness against the host's chosen Haggadah, customs and participant requirements.","Identify unresolved chametz and food-suitability decisions and route them to the designated decision-maker.","Coordinate invitations, materials and contributions for explicitly identified seder occasions.","Detect conflicts between proposed activities and participants' declared observance commitments.","Record completed preparation, adaptations and outstanding questions without presenting an agent's inference as religious authority."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assuming all participants follow identical practices can lead to religious exclusion or disrespect.","Incorrect ingredient or certification information can result in food that conflicts with participants' Passover requirements.","Failure to account for food allergies or dietary needs can cause physical harm during shared meals.","Incorrect calendar or location assumptions can cause missed observances and scheduling conflicts."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Passover is observed in Jewish households and communities to commemorate liberation from slavery in Egypt.","It structures ritual meals, religious services, teaching and dietary practices during the festival.","Planning assistance may support calendars, hospitality and food arrangements according to participants' declared traditions."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Exodus 12; Leviticus 23:4-8; Deuteronomy 16:1-8. Hebrew Bible","url":"https://www.sefaria.org/Exodus.12","note":"Biblical law of the paschal offering, blood on the doorposts, unleavened bread, and the pilgrimage date in Nisan."},{"title":"Mishnah, tractate Pesachim. Rabbinic corpus (Sefaria edition)","url":"https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Pesachim","note":"Rabbinic structure of chametz search and destruction, the offering, and the seder sequence that later Judaism still uses."},{"title":"Joseph Karo, Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim §§429-494. Standard halakhic code","url":"","note":"Normative rules for Passover preparation, kitniyot as custom, seder cups and matzah quantities, and the seven- versus eight-day calendar."},{"title":"Passover. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. Macmillan Reference / Keter","url":"","note":"Historical fusion of Pesach with Chag HaMatzot, Temple versus home rite, and major communal variants."},{"title":"Passover. Encyclopædia Britannica","url":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Passover","note":"Public definition, date in Nisan, seder elements, and the relationship to Easter/Pascha."},{"title":"Passover (Q41980). Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41980","note":"Stable item identifier and cross-language labels for the festival."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q121393: Passover","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121393","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Passover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend Passover to encompass historical observances and contemporary non-rabbinic Jewish traditions, and what distinctions would those require?","Which calendar authorities and rules should resolve duration, day boundaries and travel cases for each supported community?","How should differing household and guest customs be represented when there is no single agreed food or seder standard?","What evidence is sufficient to record completion of chametz-related actions without implying an independent religious ruling?","How should health-related adaptations and exemptions be recorded while leaving medical and religious determinations with the relevant people?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q121393/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q121393/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T13:30:02Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 5 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No single issuing body's standard or regulation governs Passover observance across Jewish communities.","interaction.recognition":"Passover is a religious observance whose identity cannot be established from visible ritual objects or foods alone."},"score":1.0}}