{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.time-zone","code":"thing-q12143","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12143/","name":"time zone","alternateNames":["timezones in Japan","standard time zone in North America","time zone named for a UTC offset","IANA time zone","seasonal time zone","time in the United Kingdom"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A region of the Earth that observes a uniform standard time, defined by an offset from Coordinated Universal Time and often by seasonal daylight saving rules, established by governments and catalogued in the IANA time zone database; time zones govern scheduling, transport and communication across regions.","purpose":"Let an agent convert times between zones correctly, explain time zone rules and daylight saving, identify the time zone of a place, and handle scheduling across zones.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Uniform standard time","UTC offset","Government-defined","Seasonal changes in many"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"convert","name":"Convert","description":"Time conversion.","layers":[{"id":"between","name":"Between","description":"Converting times.","findings":[{"id":"between-finding","name":"Between","description":"Conversion.","questions":[{"text":"What is this time in the target time zone, using IANA identifiers and the date?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does daylight saving apply on that date in either zone?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"place","name":"Place","description":"Zone of a place.","findings":[{"id":"place-finding","name":"Place","description":"Zone of a place.","questions":[{"text":"Which time zone and current offset does this place use?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the country have multiple zones?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"rules","name":"Rules","description":"Daylight saving and changes.","layers":[{"id":"dst","name":"DST","description":"Daylight saving.","findings":[{"id":"dst-finding","name":"DST","description":"Daylight saving.","questions":[{"text":"When do clocks change in this zone this year, according to official rules?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which countries have abolished or debated daylight saving?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"changes","name":"Changes","description":"Rule changes.","findings":[{"id":"changes-finding","name":"Changes","description":"Rule changes.","questions":[{"text":"Has this zone changed its rules recently, and is the software database updated?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are historical times computed?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"schedule","name":"Schedule","description":"Cross-zone scheduling.","layers":[{"id":"meetings","name":"Meetings","description":"Meeting times.","findings":[{"id":"meetings-finding","name":"Meetings","description":"Meetings.","questions":[{"text":"What time suits participants across these zones?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How should the time be stated unambiguously?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Software handling.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Software.","questions":[{"text":"How should times be stored and displayed in software to avoid zone errors?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which libraries use the IANA database?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Background.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Origins of zones.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did standard time zones develop, according to historians?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Why do zone boundaries not follow meridians?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"curiosities","name":"Curiosities","description":"Unusual zones.","findings":[{"id":"curiosities-finding","name":"Curiosities","description":"Unusual zones.","questions":[{"text":"Which zones have unusual offsets or straddle the date line?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific national time?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Convert times between zones using the current IANA time zone database.","Schedule events showing the time zone and daylight saving rule that apply."],"mustNot":["Use a fixed offset where a zone's daylight saving or historical rules change the time.","Schedule medical doses, legal deadlines or flights from stale time zone data.","Present a disputed or unofficial zone assignment as settled."],"requiresHuman":["Changing the time zone setting of a shared system, calendar or device fleet."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Wrong times cause missed medicine, missed deadlines and safety errors in transport.","Zone choices are political and affect daylight, health and daily life of whole populations."],"affectedParties":["People across time zones","Travellers and shift workers","Operators of scheduling systems"]},"owners":{"steward":"The government of each territory sets its legal time; the IANA time zone database records the rules.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["IANA time zone database"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q15642566","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q6313217","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q82794","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"time standard","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"region","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"beginning","type":"related","note":"start times across zones"},{"target":"government","type":"related","note":"authority"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.time-zone","Wikidata: Q12143 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12143)","IANA tz identifier: Area/Location form time zone database"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["UTC offsets","IANA zone names such as Europe/London","Abbreviations such as CST are ambiguous","Not physical; regions on maps and rules in databases."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["convert times between zones","identify the time zone and offset of a place","explain daylight saving rules","schedule across zones without error"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Wrong conversions around daylight saving changes","Ambiguous abbreviations","Outdated zone rules"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IANA time zone database","ISO 8601 time representations","National time laws"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Coordinating time across regions.","standard time zones","daylight saving variants","zones named by UTC offset","IANA time zone identifiers","historical time zones"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12143: time zone","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12143","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Time zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each zone be a separate entry?","How should the tz database be linked?","How should rule changes be tracked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12143/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12143/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T19:45:31Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"A time zone is a conventionally defined geographic region whose time offset and seasonal rules are administrative attributes rather than intrinsic physical properties."},"score":1.0}}