{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.sink-q12174444","code":"thing-q12174444","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12174444/","name":"sink","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"In geography and hydrology, a natural depression in the land surface where water collects and drains or evaporates without surface outflow, such as a sinkhole or an endorheic basin floor.","purpose":"Let an agent recognise natural sinks as landforms with hydrological and hazard significance, and separate this sense from the kitchen sink.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Closed depression without surface outflow","Water leaves by infiltration or evaporation","In karst, can collapse suddenly","The plumbing fixture is a different entry"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"form-and-type","name":"Form and type","description":"What kind of sink.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Sinkhole, basin, swallow hole.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Sink type","description":"The type and origin.","questions":[{"text":"What type of sink is this, and how did it form?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it natural or human-induced?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"size","name":"Size","description":"Diameter and depth.","findings":[{"id":"size-finding","name":"Dimensions","description":"Measured size.","questions":[{"text":"How wide and deep is it?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is it growing?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"hydrology","name":"Hydrology","description":"Where the water goes.","layers":[{"id":"drainage","name":"Drainage","description":"Infiltration or evaporation.","findings":[{"id":"drainage-finding","name":"Drainage path","description":"How water leaves.","questions":[{"text":"How does water leave this sink?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which aquifer does it feed?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"flooding","name":"Flooding","description":"Ponding and lakes.","findings":[{"id":"flooding-finding","name":"Flood behaviour","description":"When it floods.","questions":[{"text":"When does the sink hold water, and how deep?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What is at risk when it floods?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"hazard","name":"Hazard","description":"Collapse risk.","layers":[{"id":"collapse","name":"Collapse","description":"Stability.","findings":[{"id":"collapse-finding","name":"Collapse risk","description":"Collapse risk assessment.","questions":[{"text":"What is the collapse risk here, according to hazard maps?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What signs precede collapse?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"response","name":"Response","description":"What to do.","findings":[{"id":"response-finding","name":"Response","description":"Actions if a sinkhole opens.","questions":[{"text":"What should people do if a sinkhole opens?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Who must be informed?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"protection","name":"Protection","description":"Water and land use.","layers":[{"id":"groundwater","name":"Groundwater protection","description":"Pollution pathways.","findings":[{"id":"groundwater-finding","name":"Protection","description":"Protection measures.","questions":[{"text":"Is dumping or runoff into the sink controlled?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which rules protect the aquifer?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"building","name":"Building","description":"Construction constraints.","findings":[{"id":"building-finding","name":"Ground investigation","description":"Requirements for building nearby.","questions":[{"text":"What ground investigation is required before building near it?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How are foundations designed?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Map and report sinks, sinkholes and closed basins from geological surveys.","Report new collapses or subsidence to the responsible authority."],"mustNot":["Recommend building on a known sinkhole area without a geological survey.","Dispose of waste or pollutants into a sinkhole.","Encourage people to approach or enter an active collapse."],"requiresHuman":["Evacuating or closing a road or building over subsidence."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Sinkholes connect surface to groundwater, so pollution there reaches drinking water.","Collapse risk can make homes unsellable, so warnings must be well founded."],"affectedParties":["Residents and property owners","Groundwater users"]},"owners":{"steward":"The landowner; geological surveys map the hazard.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National geological survey hazard maps"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q190429","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"landform","type":"related","note":"a depression"},{"target":"groundwater","type":"related","note":"aquifer recharge"},{"target":"sink as a fixture","type":"related","note":"a homonym"},{"target":"building and road","type":"related","note":"collapse risk"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.sink-q12174444","Wikidata: Q12174444 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174444)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["diameter: 1 m to many km distance - sinkholes to basin floors","depth: 0.5-600 m - large karst sinkholes reach hundreds of metres"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Closed depression with no surface outlet","Circular collapse features in karst areas","Salt or mud pans in dry basins","A hollow or basin, from a small funnel-shaped sinkhole to a broad flat pan, sometimes holding a seasonal lake."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["map and monitor it","assess collapse and flood hazard","protect groundwater that drains through it","avoid building on it, or engineer foundations accordingly"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sudden collapse under buildings and roads","Groundwater contamination through sinkholes","Flooding of closed basins"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Geological survey hazard mapping","Groundwater protection law","Building codes requiring ground investigation in karst areas"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Describing terrain where water and sediment accumulate or disappear underground, important for water, hazards and construction.","karst sinkholes: solution, collapse, cover-subsidence","endorheic basin floors and pans","swallow holes where streams disappear","human-induced sinkholes"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12174444: sink","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174444","note":"identity and sense of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should sinkholes and endorheic basins be separate entries?","How should sinkhole hazard maps be linked?","The registry entry has no aliases; is the landform sense the one intended?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12174444/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12174444/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T04:52:40Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{},"score":1.0}}