{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.pandemic","code":"thing-q12184","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12184/","name":"pandemic","alternateNames":["flu season","pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases","influenza pandemic","disease hotspot","Global spread of H5N1","avian influenza  H5N1  in Denmark 2006","avian influenza in Indonesia","2020 Hunan H5N1 outbreak"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A pandemic is an epidemic of infectious disease that spreads across countries or continents with global health impact, as with the 1918 influenza, HIV and COVID-19; identifying a pandemic is distinct from declaring a formal emergency under the International Health Regulations, while prevention, detection and response involve international coordination and national public health plans.","purpose":"Let an agent explain what a pandemic is and how it differs from an epidemic and an outbreak, relay declarations, guidance and data from WHO and national authorities, describe preparedness and response in general terms, and route current health advice to official sources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Geographic spread across regions","Large population affected","International coordination","Preparedness and response frameworks"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"What a pandemic is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"How is a pandemic defined, and how does it differ from an epidemic and an outbreak?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own health during an outbreak, which needs official guidance and a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"declaration","name":"Declaration","description":"Declarations.","findings":[{"id":"declaration-finding","name":"Declaration","description":"Declaration.","questions":[{"text":"How does WHO characterise a pandemic and declare emergencies?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the International Health Regulations?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"respond","name":"Respond","description":"Preparedness and response.","layers":[{"id":"preparedness","name":"Preparedness","description":"Preparedness.","findings":[{"id":"preparedness-finding","name":"Preparedness","description":"Preparedness.","questions":[{"text":"What do preparedness plans cover, from surveillance to stockpiles?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits pandemic preparedness?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"measures","name":"Measures","description":"Response measures.","findings":[{"id":"measures-finding","name":"Measures","description":"Measures.","questions":[{"text":"What response measures are used, and how are they assessed, with evidence attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation attributed and neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Past pandemics.","layers":[{"id":"past","name":"Past","description":"Historical pandemics.","findings":[{"id":"past-finding","name":"Past","description":"Past.","questions":[{"text":"What were the major pandemics in history, and what were their impacts, with sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific pandemic?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"lessons","name":"Lessons","description":"Lessons.","findings":[{"id":"lessons-finding","name":"Lessons","description":"Lessons.","questions":[{"text":"What lessons do reviews draw from recent pandemics, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"society","name":"Society","description":"Impacts and debate.","layers":[{"id":"impacts","name":"Impacts","description":"Social and economic impacts.","findings":[{"id":"impacts-finding","name":"Impacts","description":"Impacts.","questions":[{"text":"What social and economic impacts do pandemics have, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits economic impact of pandemics?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"debate","name":"Debate","description":"Policy debates.","findings":[{"id":"debate-finding","name":"Debate","description":"Debate.","questions":[{"text":"What debates exist about pandemic policy and governance, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Relay official public health guidance with source and date.","Explain the distinction between identifying a pandemic and declaring a formal emergency under the International Health Regulations."],"mustNot":["Give a person individual medical advice in place of health services.","Spread unverified claims about origins, treatments or vaccines.","Stigmatise people or groups for being linked to a disease.","Share a person's infection status without consent or legal basis."],"requiresHuman":["Decisions on quarantine, closure or allocation of scarce care require human involvement."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Pandemics overload health systems and fall hardest on the poor and vulnerable.","Blame for a disease has driven hatred against minorities."],"affectedParties":["Patients and vulnerable people","Health workers","Stigmatised groups"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns a pandemic; WHO and national health authorities lead the response.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Disease surveillance systems"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1369234","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q44512","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q5422048","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"epidemic","type":"related","note":"at a wider scale"},{"target":"International Health Regulations","type":"related","note":"the legal framework"},{"target":"World Health Organization","type":"related","note":"characterisation and emergencies"},{"target":"pandemic preparedness","type":"related","note":"plans and systems"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.pandemic","Wikidata: Q12184 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Disease spread across countries or continents","Declared or characterised by WHO","An epidemic is regional; an outbreak is local; a seasonal flu wave is not a pandemic","Not visible; seen in case counts, maps and public health measures."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain definitions and phases","relay official declarations and guidance","describe preparedness and response measures","relay history of past pandemics"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Delayed detection and response","Health system overload","Misinformation","Agents giving personal medical advice or outdated guidance"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["International Health Regulations 2005","WHO pandemic phase and emergency declarations","National pandemic preparedness plans","Pandemic agreement negotiations under WHO"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a public health event.","influenza pandemics","coronavirus pandemics such as COVID-19","HIV as a long-running pandemic","historical pandemics such as plague and cholera","pandemic phases and alert levels"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12184: pandemic","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each pandemic be a separate entry?","How should WHO declarations be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases for flu seasons and specific outbreaks; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12184/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12184/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T20:57:03Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}