{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.antibiotic","code":"thing-q12187","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12187/","name":"antibiotic","alternateNames":["avoparcins","α-avoparcin","beta-avoparcin","epsilon-avoparcin","monobactam antibiotic","3-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-methyl-4-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonate","gyrase inhibitor","beta-lactamase inhibitors","combinations of different antibiotics","streptogramins","enzybiotics","protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A medication that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth, used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in people and animals, in classes such as penicillins and other beta-lactams including monobactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, quinolones and glycopeptides such as the avoparcins formerly used in animal feed; antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, are prescription medicines in most countries, and their overuse drives antimicrobial resistance, a global public health concern.","purpose":"Let an agent explain antibiotics and their classes and mechanisms, relay guidance on appropriate use and resistance from health bodies, describe regulation and stewardship, and route personal medical questions to clinicians.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Antibacterial action","Drug classes","Prescription status","Resistance concern"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What antibiotics are.","layers":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"Concept and classes.","findings":[{"id":"concept-finding","name":"Concept","description":"Concept.","questions":[{"text":"What are antibiotics, and how do the main classes act on bacteria?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own infection or prescription, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"limits","name":"Limits","description":"What they do not treat.","findings":[{"id":"limits-finding","name":"Limits","description":"Limits.","questions":[{"text":"Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections such as colds and flu, according to health bodies?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits antivirals?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Appropriate use.","layers":[{"id":"guidance","name":"Guidance","description":"Guidance on use.","findings":[{"id":"guidance-finding","name":"Guidance","description":"Guidance.","questions":[{"text":"What do health bodies advise about taking antibiotics as prescribed and about leftover medicines?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation free of dosing advice?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"side","name":"Side","description":"Side effects and allergy.","findings":[{"id":"side-finding","name":"Side","description":"Side effects.","questions":[{"text":"What side effects and allergic reactions are recognised, and when is urgent care needed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a severe reaction present now?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"resistance","name":"Resistance","description":"Resistance and stewardship.","layers":[{"id":"resistance","name":"Resistance","description":"Antimicrobial resistance.","findings":[{"id":"resistance-finding","name":"Resistance","description":"Resistance.","questions":[{"text":"How does antimicrobial resistance arise and spread, and why is it a global concern?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits antimicrobial resistance?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"stewardship","name":"Stewardship","description":"Stewardship and regulation.","findings":[{"id":"stewardship-finding","name":"Stewardship","description":"Stewardship.","questions":[{"text":"How do stewardship programmes and rules on use in animals address resistance?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits health policy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were antibiotics discovered and developed, from penicillin onward?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can antibiotics and resistance be taught?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain what antibiotics do and why they do not treat viral infections.","Remind a patient to complete a course as prescribed by their clinician."],"mustNot":["Recommend, supply or dose antibiotics without a prescriber.","Encourage sharing leftover antibiotics or taking another person's prescription.","Dismiss a reported allergy to an antibiotic.","Promote antibiotics for growth promotion in animals where it is prohibited."],"requiresHuman":["Starting, changing or stopping antibiotic treatment.","Prescribing antibiotics for children, pregnant women or animals."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Overuse of antibiotics drives resistance that makes infections untreatable.","Access to antibiotics is unequal; many people die without them."],"affectedParties":["Patients","The public facing resistant infections","Farm animals"]},"owners":{"steward":"The patient for their prescription; medicines regulators authorise antibiotics.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National medicines registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q12140","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q178859","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q50377176","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q804539","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"medication","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"antimicrobial drug","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"pathogen","type":"related","note":"bacteria targeted by antibiotics"},{"target":"horizontal gene transfer","type":"related","note":"spread of resistance genes"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.antibiotic","Wikidata: Q12187 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mass per dosage unit:  mg - The mass of a tablet, capsule or other discrete preparation is measured with a calibrated balance and includes any excipients.","Active ingredient mass concentration:  mg/mL - Concentration in a liquid preparation is determined by a validated assay for the specified antibiotic and formulation.","Aqueous solubility:  mg/mL - Solubility is measured for the identified chemical form at a stated temperature and pH because antibiotics differ substantially."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Medication acting against bacteria","Beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines and other classes","Antivirals act on viruses; antifungals on fungi; antiseptics are applied to surfaces","Tablets, capsules, liquids and injections."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain classes and mechanisms","relay guidance on use and resistance","describe stewardship","route personal questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving personal prescribing advice","Antimicrobial resistance from misuse","Allergic reactions and side effects"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Prescription regulation","Antimicrobial stewardship guidelines","Rules on antibiotic use in animals"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Medicines against bacterial infection.","beta-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams","macrolides and tetracyclines","aminoglycosides and quinolones","glycopeptides and other classes","antibiotics used in animals and agriculture"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12187: antibiotic","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Antibiotic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each class be a separate entry?","How should stewardship guidelines be linked?","How should resistance surveillance be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12187/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12187/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T05:15:26Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}