{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.penicillin","code":"thing-q12190","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12190/","name":"penicillin","alternateNames":["6-{[2-amino-1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid","amoxicillin","piperacillin","6-{[3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid","4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[[(2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, [2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta)]-","nafcillin","dicloxacillin","ampicillin","ticarcillin","aspoxicillin","3,3-dimethyl-6-[[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid","Alpen"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Penicillin is a class of β-lactam antibiotics produced by Penicillium moulds or made semisynthetically from 6-aminopenicillanic acid, which kill or inhibit bacteria by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking in the cell wall.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to identify a penicillin substance or preparation, assess its documented condition and suitability, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.","scope":{"in":["Resolution of the name penicillin to a documented compound, family member or preparation","Chemical form, active components and formulation of the represented material","Penicillin content, biological potency and the evidence supporting their assessment","Storage history, degradation, contamination and preparation state","Product-specific handling and use constraints, including unresolved evidence"],"out":["Patient diagnosis, allergy assessment and individualized prescribing","Microorganism identity and complete antimicrobial susceptibility profiles","Manufacturing facilities, fermentation processes and production organisms","Complete treatment regimens and clinical outcome evaluation","Pharmacy inventory transactions and distribution operations"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require a documented active-ingredient identity before treating a material labelled penicillin as a specific penicillin compound.","Distinguish penicillin family membership from the broader beta-lactam category using an authoritative chemical classification.","Distinguish penicillin G, penicillin V and other named penicillins through their recorded chemical identities rather than treating their names as interchangeable.","Separate the active penicillin from its salt form, excipients and any additional active ingredients.","Distinguish a purified substance or formulated medicine from a penicillin-producing organism, culture or crude fermentation material."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"penicillin-identity","name":"Penicillin identity","description":"Establishes what the registry name and the represented material actually denote.","layers":[{"id":"registry-meaning","name":"Registry meaning","description":"Resolves the intended level of the registered concept without creating unsupported registry splits.","findings":[{"id":"name-resolution","name":"Name resolution","description":"Records evidence for interpreting penicillin as a family term, a specific substance or a preparation.","questions":[{"text":"Does vr.tr.penicillin denote the penicillin family, a particular compound, or a context-dependent common name?","id":"name-resolution-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which registry authority or source establishes that interpretation?","id":"name-resolution-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which distinctions belong within this entry, and which already have authoritative neighbouring models?","id":"name-resolution-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"material-identification","name":"Material identification","description":"Connects a label or sample to a specific active substance and chemical form.","findings":[{"id":"compound-and-form","name":"Compound and form","description":"Separates the penicillin compound, its chemical form and the surrounding preparation.","questions":[{"text":"What exact penicillin compound and chemical form are declared for this material?","id":"compound-and-form-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What label, certificate or analytical evidence supports that identity?","id":"compound-and-form-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the material contain only that active ingredient, or additional active substances that require linked identities?","id":"compound-and-form-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"formulation-and-preparation","name":"Formulation and preparation","description":"Describes how the identified penicillin is presented and prepared for its stated purpose.","layers":[{"id":"composition-and-strength","name":"Composition and strength","description":"Makes the declared contents and strength basis explicit.","findings":[{"id":"strength-basis","name":"Strength basis","description":"Records what a labelled quantity measures and how it relates to the complete preparation.","questions":[{"text":"What quantity of active penicillin is declared per dosage unit, mass or volume?","id":"strength-basis-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is the declared strength expressed as compound mass, an equivalent amount of active moiety, or biological activity units?","id":"strength-basis-q02","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which formulation components affect interpretation of the preparation's handling or use instructions?","id":"strength-basis-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"preparation-state","name":"Preparation state","description":"Tracks the difference between supplied material and material that has been opened or prepared.","findings":[{"id":"reconstitution-and-route","name":"Reconstitution and route","description":"Links preparation events and intended route to instructions for the exact product.","questions":[{"text":"What physical form and intended route are documented for this exact preparation?","id":"reconstitution-and-route-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"If reconstitution or dilution occurred, what diluent, quantity, resulting concentration and event time were recorded?","id":"reconstitution-and-route-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which product instructions govern whether further preparation or use is permitted?","id":"reconstitution-and-route-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"content-potency-and-quality","name":"Content, potency and quality","description":"Separates declared strength from measured identity, content, activity and quality.","layers":[{"id":"analytical-evidence","name":"Analytical evidence","description":"Records what was measured, how it was measured and which material the result represents.","findings":[{"id":"content-versus-activity","name":"Content versus activity","description":"Keeps chemical assay results and biological potency results interpretable on their own terms.","questions":[{"text":"Which identity, chemical content or biological activity measurements are available for this batch or sample?","id":"content-versus-activity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What methods, reference standards, dates and sampling records support those measurements?","id":"content-versus-activity-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"If mass and activity units are compared, what source validates that comparison for the identified penicillin and assay basis?","id":"content-versus-activity-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"quality-acceptance","name":"Quality acceptance","description":"Relates relevant quality results to a specified material and intended purpose.","findings":[{"id":"quality-disposition","name":"Quality disposition","description":"Records whether evidence supports acceptance, quarantine or rejection under applicable requirements.","questions":[{"text":"Which impurity, contamination and, where applicable, sterility requirements govern this penicillin preparation?","id":"quality-disposition-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which relevant results meet, fail or have not been assessed against those requirements?","id":"quality-disposition-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What disposition is supported by the results, and who has authority to make it?","id":"quality-disposition-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"stability-and-handling","name":"Stability and handling","description":"Assesses whether the material's history remains compatible with its documented condition limits.","layers":[{"id":"stability-basis","name":"Stability basis","description":"Identifies the conditions under which documented shelf life or prepared-material limits apply.","findings":[{"id":"condition-limits","name":"Condition limits","description":"Records preparation-specific storage, packaging and time limits without assuming a universal penicillin rule.","questions":[{"text":"What storage conditions and usable period are documented for this chemical form, formulation and container?","id":"condition-limits-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which limits change after opening, reconstitution or dilution?","id":"condition-limits-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What expiry or preparation-dependent deadline applies to the material now?","id":"condition-limits-q03","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"exposure-and-response","name":"Exposure and response","description":"Relates observed handling events to remaining confidence in material quality.","findings":[{"id":"excursion-assessment","name":"Excursion assessment","description":"Captures exposure deviations, visible changes and the evidence needed for a handling decision.","questions":[{"text":"What temperature excursions, moisture exposure, container damage or preparation deviations are documented?","id":"excursion-assessment-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence determines whether an observed appearance change is acceptable for this preparation?","id":"excursion-assessment-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do the documented deviations support continued handling, require quarantine or justify disposal under applicable instructions?","id":"excursion-assessment-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"antimicrobial-use-boundaries","name":"Antimicrobial use boundaries","description":"Connects the exact penicillin preparation to evidence and prerequisites for a proposed use.","layers":[{"id":"activity-context","name":"Activity context","description":"Limits antimicrobial claims to the named agent and supporting organism-specific evidence.","findings":[{"id":"susceptibility-evidence","name":"Susceptibility evidence","description":"Records the scope and limits of evidence that a particular penicillin has relevant antimicrobial activity.","questions":[{"text":"Which exact penicillin and organism or isolate does the available activity evidence concern?","id":"susceptibility-evidence-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What test method, result and dated interpretive standard support any susceptibility classification?","id":"susceptibility-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What additional clinical or experimental context is required before that result can support the proposed use?","id":"susceptibility-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"use-prerequisites","name":"Use prerequisites","description":"Defines the handoff from material assessment to authorized clinical or laboratory decisions.","findings":[{"id":"authorization-and-substitution","name":"Authorization and substitution","description":"Records preparation-specific constraints and linked assessments needed before use or replacement.","questions":[{"text":"What intended-use and route restrictions are documented for this exact product or substance grade?","id":"authorization-and-substitution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"For a proposed clinical use, which linked assessment establishes patient-specific suitability, including relevant allergy history?","id":"authorization-and-substitution-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What evidence and authorization are required before substituting another penicillin compound, salt or formulation?","id":"authorization-and-substitution-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Give general, sourced information on penicillins and antibiotic resistance.","Flag penicillin allergy when it is recorded and relevant to a care decision."],"mustNot":["Prescribe, dose or recommend penicillin for a person.","Advise someone to take antibiotics left over or prescribed for others.","Ignore or overrule a recorded penicillin allergy.","Encourage stopping a course without a clinician's advice."],"requiresHuman":["Any prescribing or treatment decision.","Removing a penicillin allergy label from a record."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Misuse of antibiotics drives resistance that threatens everyone.","Allergic reactions can be fatal, while wrong allergy labels deny people good care."],"affectedParties":["Patients","People with allergies","Future patients facing resistance"]},"owners":{"steward":"The prescriber and the patient; medicines regulators authorize the products.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Medicines regulators' product registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q306264","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q62010421","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.penicillin","Wikidata: Q12190 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12190)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identity resolution: family-level only | specific compound identified | preparation identified | unresolved","Penicillin identity and chemical form: Documented compound name, identifier and salt or other chemical form; unknown where unsupported","Preparation composition: Links to active ingredients, excipients and their declared quantities","Physical and preparation form: Documented form, such as bulk substance, tablet, powder for reconstitution, solution or suspension","Declared strength or measured content: Mass per mass, volume or dosage unit, with chemical basis, method and date","Biological potency: Reported activity units with assay method, reference standard, sample identity and date","Storage and preparation history: Linked temperature and exposure records, opening events, reconstitution events and applicable instructions","Quality disposition: unassessed | accepted for specified purpose | quarantined | rejected | expired under applicable instructions","Antimicrobial applicability evidence: Links to exact agent, organism or isolate, susceptibility method, interpretive standard and date"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Tablets, capsules or injection vials labelled with a penicillin name."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a penicillin label against authoritative compound and product records.","Compare preparations for documented differences in identity, strength, formulation and permitted route.","Request or record identity, content, potency and relevant quality testing.","Assess storage or reconstitution history against instructions for the exact preparation.","Flag unsupported substitution, uncertain condition or missing use prerequisites for review.","Select an evidence-supported handling, quarantine or disposal action within the agent's authority."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Severe allergic reactions.","Antibiotic resistance from overuse.","Gut upset and secondary infections."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, World Health Organization, which includes penicillins."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Penicillins are encountered in human and veterinary healthcare as medicines for susceptible bacterial infections.","They are also handled in pharmaceutical manufacture, quality control and research on bacterial cell walls and antimicrobial resistance.","The specific compound and formulation determine the relevant clinical use, storage conditions and handling requirements."]}},"sources":[{"title":"WHO Model List of Essential Medicines - 23rd List (2023)","url":"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.02","note":"Clinical grouping of penicillins as essential antibacterials and named members used in practice."},{"title":"penicillin (Q12190)","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12190","note":"Canonical identifier and aliases for the chemical/pharmacological class."},{"title":"Wikipedia: Penicillin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend penicillin to mean the antibiotic family, a particular natural penicillin, or another explicitly bounded concept?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or any of the distinctions proposed here?","Which authoritative compound records, pharmacopoeial standards and product documents should govern identity, strength and quality for the intended scope?","Which preparation-specific stability, reconstitution and compatibility evidence must be represented for the actual materials the model will encounter?","Which jurisdiction and operational setting determine permitted use, substitution, disposal and the required handoff to clinical or laboratory authority?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12190/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12190/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T09:32:24Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 3 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}