{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bridge","code":"thing-q12280","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12280/","name":"bridge","alternateNames":["tree bridge","stone bridge","moon bridge","stone arch bridge","Sutherland Estates 1830s bridge","nine-turn bridge","wildlife crossing","viaduct","pontoon bridge","aircraft bridge","zig-zag bridge","fauna bridge"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A structure that carries a road, railway, path, pipe or animal crossing over an obstacle such as water, a valley or another route, while leaving the space beneath open.","purpose":"Let an agent treat a bridge as infrastructure with a structural type, a load rating, an owner, an inspection regime and restrictions of use.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Leaves the space beneath open, unlike a causeway or embankment","Classified by structural form and by what it carries","Has a load rating and inspection history","Wildlife crossings and pipe bridges are bridges too"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Form, span and materials.","layers":[{"id":"form","name":"Structural form","description":"Beam, arch, truss or cable.","findings":[{"id":"form-finding","name":"Structural type","description":"The structural form and spans.","questions":[{"text":"What is the structural form, and what are its spans?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What materials make up the main elements?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design basis","description":"Code and load model.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design standard","description":"The code and loads it was designed for.","questions":[{"text":"To which code and load model was it designed, and when?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Has it been strengthened since?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"capacity-and-restrictions","name":"Capacity and restrictions","description":"What may cross.","layers":[{"id":"rating","name":"Load rating","description":"Assessed capacity.","findings":[{"id":"rating-finding","name":"Assessed capacity","description":"The current load rating.","questions":[{"text":"What is the current load rating?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"When was it last assessed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"limits","name":"Limits of use","description":"Weight, height, width and speed.","findings":[{"id":"limits-finding","name":"Posted limits","description":"The limits posted and enforced.","questions":[{"text":"Which weight, height or width limits apply?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How are they enforced?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"inspection-and-condition","name":"Inspection and condition","description":"State of the structure.","layers":[{"id":"inspection","name":"Inspection","description":"Cycle and findings.","findings":[{"id":"inspection-finding","name":"Inspection record","description":"Latest inspection and rating.","questions":[{"text":"When was it last inspected, and what condition rating was given?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What defects were found?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"scour","name":"Foundations and scour","description":"Risk to supports.","findings":[{"id":"scour-finding","name":"Scour assessment","description":"The scour risk and monitoring.","questions":[{"text":"Is the bridge at risk from scour, and is it monitored?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What happens in a flood warning?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"ownership-and-status","name":"Ownership and status","description":"Who is responsible.","layers":[{"id":"owner","name":"Owner","description":"Responsible authority.","findings":[{"id":"owner-finding","name":"Owner and operator","description":"The owner and operator.","questions":[{"text":"Who owns and maintains this bridge?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are defects reported?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Open, restricted, closed, heritage.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Current status","description":"Operational and heritage status.","questions":[{"text":"Is the bridge open, restricted or closed now?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Is it a protected heritage structure?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Cross a bridge within its posted weight, height and width limits.","Report damage, scour, impacts and closures to the bridge owner."],"mustNot":["Cross or route vehicles over a bridge beyond its limits.","Damage or interfere with a bridge's structure or protection.","Declare a bridge safe after an impact or flood without an inspection by its owner.","Help in attacking or sabotaging a bridge."],"requiresHuman":["Closing or reopening a bridge.","Changing its load rating or restrictions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Bridge failures kill many people at once; maintenance is a public duty.","Bridges connect communities; closures cut people off from services."],"affectedParties":["People crossing it","People below it","Communities it connects"]},"owners":{"steward":"The bridge owner, usually the road, rail or waterway authority.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Bridge inventories of the infrastructure owner"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q618123","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q811979","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q83620","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"road and railway","type":"related","note":"bridges are links in networks"},{"target":"structure","type":"related","note":"inherits structural design and inspection"},{"target":"bridge inspection regime","type":"related","note":"condition ratings drive restrictions"},{"target":"bridge as a card game or network device","type":"related","note":"homonyms; this entry is the structure"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bridge","Wikidata: Q12280 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12280)","national bridge inventory number: country-specific for example the US National Bridge Inventory structure number"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["span: 2-2000 m - longest suspension spans approach 2 km","design life: 50-120 years","load rating: varies tonnes or load model - set by national codes"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A deck spanning a gap with supports at its ends and often in between","Structural form visible as arch, beam, truss, suspension or cable-stayed","Signs showing weight, height or width limits","A deck supported by piers, arches, cables or trusses spanning a gap; ranges from a timber footbridge to a multi-kilometre cable-stayed crossing."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["cross it, subject to weight, height and width limits","inspect it, on a regular cycle","rate it, for load capacity and condition","close, repair or replace it"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Collapse from overloading, scour, fatigue or corrosion","Strikes by over-height vehicles or ships","Scour of foundations in floods","Deferred maintenance that lowers the load rating"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Eurocodes EN 1990-1999 and national annexes","AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications","National bridge inspection standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Crossing obstacles without blocking what lies beneath.","by form: beam, arch, truss, cantilever, suspension, cable-stayed","by use: road, rail, foot, pipe, aqueduct, wildlife crossing","by material: stone, timber, steel, concrete, composite","by movement: fixed, bascule, swing, lift"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12280: bridge","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12280","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should named bridges be registered as instances with inventory numbers?","How should load restrictions be represented for routing agents?","How should heritage status interact with safety restrictions?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12280/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12280/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T04:35:51Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:53+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}