{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.second-level-administrative-division","code":"thing-q12357832","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12357832/","name":"second-level administrative division","alternateNames":["historical second-order administrative division","subdivision of the Illyrian Provinces","district of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies","tumān of Tajik ASSR","tuman (Bukhara Emirate)","Mutamadiyah","unique territorial entity","douzaine"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An administrative unit at the second tier below the national level, subordinate to or under the administration of a first-level unit such as a state, province or region, which may but need not contain lower units such as municipalities; examples include counties in many countries, districts, departments of France, provinces of Spain and prefectures within Chinese provinces, with powers and names that vary widely.","purpose":"Let an agent identify what the second-level division is in a given country, relay its powers, names and codes from official sources, and separate the abstract level from the specific units and from statistical divisions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Second tier of a hierarchy","Powers and names vary by country","Usually has an administration or council","Coded in national and international schemes"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What the level is here.","layers":[{"id":"level","name":"Level","description":"Level in the hierarchy.","findings":[{"id":"level-finding","name":"Level","description":"Level.","questions":[{"text":"What is the second-level unit in this country, and what sits above and below it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the unit administrative or statistical?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"codes","name":"Codes","description":"Codes.","findings":[{"id":"codes-finding","name":"Codes","description":"Codes.","questions":[{"text":"Which codes identify the units, and where are they published?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific unit?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"govern","name":"Govern","description":"Powers and administration.","layers":[{"id":"powers","name":"Powers","description":"Powers.","findings":[{"id":"powers-finding","name":"Powers","description":"Powers.","questions":[{"text":"What powers and services does the unit hold under national law?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the national local government system?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"institutions","name":"Institutions","description":"Councils and executives.","findings":[{"id":"institutions-finding","name":"Institutions","description":"Institutions.","questions":[{"text":"How is the unit governed, elected or appointed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits local elections?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"compare","name":"Compare","description":"Comparison across countries.","layers":[{"id":"mapping","name":"Mapping","description":"Equivalences.","findings":[{"id":"mapping-finding","name":"Mapping","description":"Mapping.","questions":[{"text":"How do second-level units compare across countries in size and powers?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"statistics","name":"Statistics","description":"Statistical levels.","findings":[{"id":"statistics-finding","name":"Statistics","description":"Statistics.","questions":[{"text":"How do statistical classifications such as NUTS map onto administrative levels?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits statistical geography?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Change over time.","layers":[{"id":"reforms","name":"Reforms","description":"Reforms.","findings":[{"id":"reforms-finding","name":"Reforms","description":"Reforms.","questions":[{"text":"How have second-level units been created, merged and abolished?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a former unit?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","findings":[{"id":"origins-finding","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","questions":[{"text":"Where do the names and forms of these units come from historically?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits administrative divisions generally?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe second-level administrative divisions and how they nest in a country's hierarchy.","Map and link divisions using official codes and gazetteers."],"mustNot":["Treat divisions in different countries as equivalent when their powers differ.","Use outdated boundaries or names without noting the date.","Take a side in a disputed boundary or name as if it were settled."],"requiresHuman":["Changing boundaries or names in an authoritative dataset."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Boundaries decide who governs, taxes and represents people.","Names of divisions can carry political and cultural meaning."],"affectedParties":["Residents","Local governments","Users of statistics"]},"owners":{"steward":"The national government under whose law the divisions exist.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National statistical and administrative gazetteers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1799794","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"administrative territorial entity","type":"related","note":"by level"},{"target":"first-level administrative division","type":"related","note":"the level above"},{"target":"municipality","type":"contains","note":"typical lower units"},{"target":"statistical territorial unit","type":"related","note":"a non-governmental division"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.second-level-administrative-division","Wikidata: Q12357832 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12357832)","ISO 3166-2: per country covers some second-level units","national codes: per country such as INSEE, FIPS or GB codes"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["The unit is subordinate to or under the administration of a first-level division.","The unit may contain municipalities or equivalent lower units, but these are not required.","Levels differ by country, and a statistical division may not be a government.","Not a physical object; seen on administrative maps and in codes."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify the second-level unit type in a country","relay names, powers and codes","distinguish administrative from statistical levels","route to the specific unit entry"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mismatching levels between countries","Outdated units after reforms","Confusing statistical with administrative units"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National constitutions and local government law","ISO 3166-2 and national coding standards","Statistical classifications such as NUTS"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Organising government between the first level and local units.","counties and districts","departments of France and provinces of Spain and Italy","prefecture-level divisions in China","raions and districts in post-Soviet states","historical second-level units"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12357832: second-level administrative division","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12357832","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Second level administrative division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_level_administrative_division","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each country second-level type be a separate entry?","How should national code lists be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases for historical units; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12357832/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12357832/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T20:06:18Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:28+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"An administrative tier is an institutional classification rather than a physical object with intrinsic measurable properties."},"score":1.0}}