{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.statistics","code":"thing-q12483","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12483/","name":"statistics","alternateNames":["census data","statistical data","funnel analysis","statistical hydrology","forensic statistics","branch of statistics","circular analysis","demographic statistics","geostatistics","health statistics","statistical machine translation","museum statistics"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The discipline concerned with collecting, analysing, interpreting and presenting data, including descriptive and inferential statistics, probability models and official statistics produced by national agencies.","purpose":"Let an agent handle statistics by method, data source, interpretation and communication, citing official statistics and avoiding misuse.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Studies data and uncertainty","Descriptive and inferential","Official statistics are regulated","Easily misused"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Sources.","layers":[{"id":"source","name":"Source","description":"Official data.","findings":[{"id":"source-finding","name":"Source","description":"Data source.","questions":[{"text":"Which official or peer-reviewed source provides this statistic?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"For which period and population?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"quality","name":"Quality","description":"Methods.","findings":[{"id":"quality-finding","name":"Quality","description":"Data quality.","questions":[{"text":"How was the data collected and how large is the sample?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What are the known limitations?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"analysis","name":"Analysis","description":"Methods.","layers":[{"id":"method","name":"Method","description":"Choice.","findings":[{"id":"method-finding","name":"Method","description":"Method choice.","questions":[{"text":"Which statistical method suits this question and data?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What assumptions does it make?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"uncertainty","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Intervals.","findings":[{"id":"uncertainty-finding","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Uncertainty.","questions":[{"text":"What is the margin of error or confidence interval?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is the result statistically and practically significant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"interpretation","name":"Interpretation","description":"Meaning.","layers":[{"id":"causation","name":"Causation","description":"Correlation.","findings":[{"id":"causation-finding","name":"Causation","description":"Correlation and causation.","questions":[{"text":"Does the evidence support causation or only correlation?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What design would test causation?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"misleading","name":"Misleading","description":"Red flags.","findings":[{"id":"misleading-finding","name":"Misleading","description":"Misleading statistics.","questions":[{"text":"Is the chart or claim misleading, for example by truncated axes?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How can it be presented fairly?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Skills.","layers":[{"id":"literacy","name":"Literacy","description":"Understanding.","findings":[{"id":"literacy-finding","name":"Literacy","description":"Statistical literacy.","questions":[{"text":"How can this statistic be explained in plain language?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Would natural frequencies help?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"tools","name":"Tools","description":"Software.","findings":[{"id":"tools-finding","name":"Tools","description":"Tools.","questions":[{"text":"Which software can perform this analysis?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is it reproducible?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Analyse data the user is entitled to use, stating methods, assumptions and uncertainty.","Check statistical claims against their sources."],"mustNot":["Report results selectively or tune analyses until they look significant.","Present correlation as causation without evidence.","Re-identify individuals from anonymised statistical data.","Fabricate or alter data."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing official or research statistics.","Using statistical models to decide about individuals."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Statistics shape policy; 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sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}