{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bearded-vulture","code":"thing-q126167","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q126167/","name":"bearded vulture","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A large mountain-dwelling Old World accipitrid (Gypaetus barbatus) unique among extant birds in taking most of its energy from large-mammal bone, which it fractures at traditional drop sites (ossuaries) and dissolves with an exceptionally acidic stomach; adults often stain cream underparts rust-orange by bathing in iron-oxide soils.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise a bearded vulture, assess its condition and ecological dependencies, and determine which observation, conservation or care actions are justified.","scope":{"in":["Species recognition across immature and adult appearances, with explicit identification uncertainty","Individual identity, age evidence, origin and wild or managed status","Bone acquisition, processing, feeding independence and nutritional condition","Use of mountain foraging areas, bone-breaking sites, roosts and nesting cliffs","Breeding participation, parental provisioning and dependent-young outcomes","Individual threats, intervention prerequisites and subsequent outcomes"],"out":["Complete models of other vultures, eagles or scavenger communities","Carcass, livestock and wild ungulate models beyond their relationship to the bird","Mountain ecosystem, cliff and protected-area management models","Population census, demographic forecasting and species-wide conservation assessments","Veterinary treatment protocols and toxicological reference standards","Conservation organisation, permit and reintroduction programme administration"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["In a sufficiently clear adult view, test for black facial markings and bill-base beard bristles together with a feathered head and neck; this combination helps separate it from griffon and cinereous vultures. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gypaetus_barbatus/)","For dark immature birds potentially confused with other large raptors, assess the head, neck and less conspicuous beard together; absence of adult pale plumage does not exclude bearded vulture. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gypaetus_barbatus/)","Repeated bone consumption and carrying bones to drop onto rock strongly support identification as a bone specialist; merely attending a carcass does not. [Vulture Conservation Foundation](https://4vultures.org/vultures/bearded-vulture/)","Treat rusty underparts as supporting evidence, not a required test: iron-rich bathing can stain otherwise pale feathers. Confirm facial features rather than rejecting a pale bird. [Vulture Conservation Foundation](https://4vultures.org/vultures/bearded-vulture/)"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"recognition-and-life-history","name":"Recognition and life history","description":"Establish what bird was observed and which aspects of its history are evidenced.","layers":[{"id":"age-aware-identification","name":"Age-aware identification","description":"Evaluate the visible evidence without requiring adult features in immature birds.","findings":[{"id":"diagnostic-feature-combination","name":"Diagnostic feature combination","description":"Record facial markings, beard visibility, head feathering and overall plumage, with observation quality and competing identifications.","questions":[{"text":"Which visible features support bearded vulture, and which plausible local raptors remain unexcluded?","id":"diagnostic-feature-combination-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Are apparent missing features explained by age, viewing angle or image quality?","id":"diagnostic-feature-combination-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"individual-continuity","name":"Individual continuity","description":"Connect sightings to evidenced age, identity and origin.","findings":[{"id":"identity-without-assumed-origin","name":"Identity without assumed origin","description":"Keep a visual identity match distinct from verified hatch, captive-breeding and release history.","questions":[{"text":"Which ring, marking, transmitter or documented feature connects this observation to a known bird?","id":"identity-without-assumed-origin-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What record supports its age and wild-born or captive-bred origin, and how uncertain is the match?","id":"identity-without-assumed-origin-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"bone-feeding-and-condition","name":"Bone feeding and condition","description":"Represent access to usable food, processing behaviour and evidence of nutritional function.","layers":[{"id":"food-access-and-selection","name":"Food access and selection","description":"Distinguish available remains from food actually selected and consumed.","findings":[{"id":"usable-food-evidence","name":"Usable food evidence","description":"Record bone and soft-tissue use, food origin, accessibility and provisioning status without imposing a universal dietary percentage.","questions":[{"text":"What bone or soft tissue did this bird actually consume, rather than merely approach or carry?","id":"usable-food-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What is known about the remains' origin, potential contamination and suitability for this bird's developmental stage?","id":"usable-food-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"processing-and-functional-condition","name":"Processing and functional condition","description":"Evaluate whether observed food handling leads to ingestion and sustained function.","findings":[{"id":"bone-processing-success","name":"Bone-processing success","description":"Separate carrying, dropping, fragment retrieval and ingestion; retain observation effort so unseen feeding is not classified as failure.","questions":[{"text":"Across observed attempts, did bone handling or dropping lead to retrieved and swallowed fragments?","id":"bone-processing-success-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do repeated failures, declining measured condition or impaired flight justify specialist assessment, given the bird's age and observation coverage?","id":"bone-processing-success-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"mountain-space-and-breeding","name":"Mountain space and breeding","description":"Connect resource use, breeding associations and reproductive outcomes.","layers":[{"id":"functional-site-use","name":"Functional site use","description":"Assign site roles from behaviour and repeated observations.","findings":[{"id":"site-role-and-occupancy","name":"Site role and occupancy","description":"Distinguish passage from repeated use of foraging, bone-breaking, bathing, roosting or nesting locations.","questions":[{"text":"Which observed behaviour establishes this location's role for this bird?","id":"site-role-and-occupancy-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What repeated observations distinguish sustained use from a brief visit, and what spatial uncertainty remains?","id":"site-role-and-occupancy-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"breeding-group-and-dependants","name":"Breeding group and dependants","description":"Record participants, nesting stage and dependent-young outcomes without assuming every breeding group is a pair.","findings":[{"id":"reproductive-commitment","name":"Reproductive commitment","description":"Allow pairs or trios and record eggs, hatchlings and fledglings separately. [Vulture Conservation Foundation](https://4vultures.org/vultures/bearded-vulture/)","questions":[{"text":"Which identified birds demonstrably incubate, provision or defend this nesting attempt?","id":"reproductive-commitment-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What dated evidence establishes the current stage and survival of each dependent young bird?","id":"reproductive-commitment-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How would approaching the nest or removing a participating adult affect the current dependants?","id":"reproductive-commitment-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"threats-and-conservation-actions","name":"Threats and conservation actions","description":"Connect evidence of harm to justified actions and measurable outcomes.","layers":[{"id":"exposure-and-harm","name":"Exposure and harm","description":"Assess hazards through the bird's actual feeding, movement and nesting relationships.","findings":[{"id":"hazard-to-outcome-evidence","name":"Hazard-to-outcome evidence","description":"Link suspected contaminated remains, infrastructure encounters or nest disturbance to observed effects while retaining alternative explanations.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence connects this bird to a specific suspect food source, collision event or disturbance episode?","id":"hazard-to-outcome-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the evidence establish exposure, functional harm or mortality, or only loss of observation or telemetry?","id":"hazard-to-outcome-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"intervention-and-follow-up","name":"Intervention and follow-up","description":"Make action eligibility and subsequent outcomes explicit for this bird.","findings":[{"id":"justified-intervention","name":"Justified intervention","description":"Record the objective, specialist decision, applicable authority and follow-up evidence for supplementary feeding, rescue, tagging or release.","questions":[{"text":"Which action is supported by this bird's feeding competence, flight function, breeding obligations and applicable permissions?","id":"justified-intervention-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Who is responsible for the decision and execution, and which documented protocol applies?","id":"justified-intervention-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which subsequent observations would demonstrate recovery, independent feeding or a need to revise the action?","id":"justified-intervention-q03","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Record sightings and report them to monitoring and reintroduction programmes.","Report poisoned carcasses or injured birds to wildlife authorities."],"mustNot":["Disturb nests, roosts or bone-dropping sites, especially in the breeding season.","Fly drones near the birds or their cliffs without a permit.","Publish exact nest locations that expose birds to collectors or disturbance.","Spread the myth that the birds kill livestock or children."],"requiresHuman":["Handling, tagging or rehabilitating a bird.","Placing carcasses or bones at feeding stations."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The species was driven out of much of Europe by persecution and poison.","Illegal poison baits set for other animals still kill these birds."],"affectedParties":["The birds themselves","Herders and mountain communities","Reintroduction projects"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: wild and protected by law; wildlife authorities and reintroduction programmes monitor it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Species and bird monitoring databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q48428","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bearded-vulture","Wikidata: Q126167 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126167)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Recognition evidence: confirmed, probable, unresolved, rejected; supporting images, diagnostic features and alternative identifications","Age and developmental stage: nestling, fledgling, immature, adult, unknown; age interval in years with evidence","Individual identity and origin: Links to verified ring, marking, transmitter, pedigree, hatch or release records; unresolved identity allowed","Plumage staining: unstained-looking, rusty-stained, mixed, indeterminate; observation date and lighting","Food acquisition and processing: provisioned, scavenging independently, carrying bones, dropping bones, ingesting fragments, unsuccessful, unknown","Body mass trend: kg and change over dated measurements, with method and developmental context","Flight and feeding function: observed functional, suspected impairment, confirmed impairment, not assessed; separate flight, landing and ingestion observations","Site relationship: foraging area, bone-breaking site, roost, bathing site, nesting site, transit location; dated evidence","Breeding role and stage: unresolved, nonbreeding, courtship, nest attendance, incubation, chick provisioning, post-fledging care, failed attempt","Exposure evidence: suspected, observed, analytically confirmed, excluded, unknown; linked hazard and dated evidence"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A very large vulture with long, narrow wings and a long wedge-shaped tail.","Adults with a pale head, black eye mask and a feathered beard below the bill.","Rust-orange underparts in adults, often from bathing in iron-rich mud."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assess a sighting against age-appropriate identification evidence and retain unresolved alternatives.","Match observations to a known bird using documented identifiers and confidence.","Evaluate whether a bird can obtain and process food independently.","Relate movements and nesting behaviour to resource use and potential disturbance.","Flag evidence requiring specialist assessment and establish prerequisites for handling, feeding, tagging or release.","Compare observations before and after an intervention to assess feeding, flight and survival outcomes."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Death from poison baits and lead ammunition in carcasses.","Collisions with power lines and wind turbines."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["CITES Appendix II, maintained by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, regulates international trade in bearded vultures and their specimens.","Directive 2009/147/EC, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, lists the bearded vulture in Annex I for special habitat conservation measures within its scope."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Bearded vultures inhabit mountainous regions where cliffs provide nesting sites and animal remains supply food.","They are encountered in wildlife surveys, ecological research and conservation programmes concerned with scavenger populations.","Observations of their feeding, breeding and movements help assess habitat suitability and threats to survival."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Gypaetus barbatus (Bearded Vulture)","url":"","note":"Global status (Near Threatened), range, generation length, and principal threats as assessed for the IUCN Red List."},{"title":"Raptors of the World","url":"","note":"Morphology, subspecies treatment, measurements, identification against other mountain raptors, and natural-history baseline."},{"title":"CITES Appendices I, II and III","url":"https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php","note":"International trade listing of Gypaetus barbatus on Appendix II."},{"title":"Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0147","note":"EU legal protection and Annex I listing that drives Special Protection Areas and reintroduction policy."},{"title":"Bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) prefer fatty bones","url":"","note":"Osteophagous diet, bone selection, and the ecological role of ossuaries."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q126167: bearded vulture","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126167","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Bearded vulture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_vulture","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which validated regional identification guides provide reliable immature-age criteria and distinctions from locally confusable eagles and vultures?","Which age-specific food requirements and feeding-competence criteria should govern assessment of nestlings, fledglings and released juveniles?","Which regional breeding calendars, nesting-stage indicators and disturbance thresholds should parameterise site-level decisions?","Which validated condition measures and exposure tests distinguish normal inactivity or temporary feeding failure from cases requiring intervention?","Which current local authorities, permissions and specialist protocols govern feeding, handling, tagging, release and access to sensitive nest locations?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q126167/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q126167/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T12:00:35Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 3 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}