{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.gross-domestic-product","code":"thing-q12638","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12638/","name":"gross domestic product","alternateNames":["gross domestic product at purchasing power parity","nominal gross domestic product","German Annual GDP","Eurozone Annual GDP","gross regional domestic product","real gross domestic product","GDP per capita"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A macroeconomic indicator measuring the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country or region in a period, compiled under the System of National Accounts, expressed as nominal GDP at current prices, real GDP adjusted for inflation and GDP at purchasing power parity for international comparison, with regional measures such as gross regional domestic product and published series such as annual GDP for Germany and the eurozone; GDP is widely used but criticised as a measure of welfare.","purpose":"Let an agent explain GDP, relay definitions, measurement approaches, variants and critiques from statistical and economic sources with attribution, describe the variants and series the registry aliases name, and distinguish GDP from GNI, GDP per capita, wealth and well-being measures, without investment advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Flow measure","Three approaches","Nominal and real","Welfare critiques"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What GDP is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is GDP, and how does it differ from GNI, GDP per capita, wealth and well-being measures?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about concepts, a country s data, comparisons or investment decisions the model does not advise on?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"variants","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","findings":[{"id":"variants-finding","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","questions":[{"text":"What are nominal, real, PPP and regional GDP, and national annual series?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific variant?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"measurement","name":"Measurement","description":"Measurement.","layers":[{"id":"approaches","name":"Approaches","description":"Approaches.","findings":[{"id":"approaches-finding","name":"Approaches","description":"Approaches.","questions":[{"text":"How are production, expenditure and income approaches reconciled?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"revisions","name":"Revisions","description":"Revisions and quality.","findings":[{"id":"revisions-finding","name":"Revisions","description":"Revisions.","questions":[{"text":"Why are GDP figures revised, and what are data quality issues?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Uses and critiques.","layers":[{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","findings":[{"id":"uses-finding","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","questions":[{"text":"How is GDP used in policy, comparisons and forecasting?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits economic growth?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"critiques","name":"Critiques","description":"Critiques.","findings":[{"id":"critiques-finding","name":"Critiques","description":"Critiques.","questions":[{"text":"What do critics and Beyond GDP initiatives argue, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation balanced?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Kuznets and others develop national accounts?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Simon Kuznets?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"comparison","name":"Comparison","description":"International comparison.","findings":[{"id":"comparison-finding","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison.","questions":[{"text":"How do PPP conversions and the International Comparison Program work?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits purchasing power parity?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report GDP figures with their source, year, basis and whether nominal or real.","Explain how GDP is measured and its known limits."],"mustNot":["Mix nominal and real figures or different base years in a comparison.","Present GDP as a measure of well-being or welfare.","Report stale or revised figures as current.","Invent GDP figures where statistics are missing."],"requiresHuman":["Using GDP figures in decisions on aid, debt or public spending."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Treating GDP as well-being hides inequality and environmental harm.","Statistics shape policy that affects whole populations."],"affectedParties":["Citizens","Policy makers","Lower-income groups"]},"owners":{"steward":"National statistical offices compile it under the System of National Accounts.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National statistical office databases","International statistical databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q9378373","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"macroeconomic indicator","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"System of National Accounts","type":"related"},{"target":"gross national income","type":"related"},{"target":"Beyond GDP","type":"related","note":"initiatives"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.gross-domestic-product","Wikidata: Q12638 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["SNA 2008: current international standard note - SNA 2025 update underway","approaches: production, expenditure, income list","world GDP: about 105 trillion USD - 2023 nominal, IMF"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Value of final output produced in an economy","Nominal, real and PPP GDP, gross regional domestic product, German and eurozone annual GDP series","GNI adds net income from abroad; GDP per capita divides by population; wealth is a stock; well-being indices are broader","Not a visible object; a statistic."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain definitions and approaches","relay variants and series","describe critiques with attribution","distinguish related measures"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating GDP as well-being","Mixing nominal and real figures","Stale data"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["System of National Accounts","European System of Accounts ESA 2010"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Measuring economic output.","nominal GDP","real GDP","GDP at purchasing power parity","GDP per capita","gross regional domestic product","quarterly and annual national series"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q12638: gross domestic product","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Gross domestic product","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should PPP GDP and regional GDP be separate primary entries?","How should statistical sources be linked?","The registry aliases naming national series are instances; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q12638/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q12638/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T19:14:32Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}