{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ink","code":"thing-q127418","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q127418/","name":"ink","alternateNames":["art ink","iron gall ink","sepia","logwood ink","carbon ink","calligraphic ink","invisible ink","printing ink","India ink","tattoo ink","engineer's blue","marking blue"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A liquid or paste containing pigments or dyes used to write, draw or print, formulated with colourants, a carrier or vehicle, and additives, with historical and specialised kinds the registry aliases name such as iron gall ink, made from tannins and iron salts and used for centuries in manuscripts, carbon ink, sepia from cuttlefish, logwood ink and calligraphic and art inks; inks range from water-based to solvent, UV-curable and inkjet formulations. Some inks contain solvents or heavy metals and should be used with ventilation and kept from children, and iron gall ink can corrode paper over time, a concern in conservation.","purpose":"Let an agent explain ink, relay composition, historical and modern types, printing and conservation from chemistry, printing and heritage sources, describe the named kinds, note safety, and distinguish ink from paint, dye, toner and pigment.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Colourant plus carrier","Writing and printing use","Many historical types","Conservation concerns"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What ink is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"Is a child or pet exposed to ink or ink cartridges, in which case check the safety data sheet and contact poison control if needed?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What is ink, and how does it differ from paint, dye, toner and pigment?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Named kinds.","findings":[{"id":"types-finding","name":"Types","description":"Types.","questions":[{"text":"What are iron gall, carbon, sepia and logwood inks and art and calligraphic inks?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific ink?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Composition.","layers":[{"id":"components","name":"Components","description":"Components.","findings":[{"id":"components-finding","name":"Components","description":"Components.","questions":[{"text":"What are colourants, carriers and additives in inks?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"irongall","name":"Iron gall","description":"Iron gall chemistry.","findings":[{"id":"irongall-finding","name":"Iron gall","description":"Iron gall.","questions":[{"text":"How is iron gall ink made, and why can it corrode paper?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"writing","name":"Writing","description":"Writing and art.","findings":[{"id":"writing-finding","name":"Writing","description":"Writing.","questions":[{"text":"How are inks used in writing, calligraphy and art?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits India ink?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"printing","name":"Printing","description":"Printing inks.","findings":[{"id":"printing-finding","name":"Printing","description":"Printing.","questions":[{"text":"How do offset, inkjet and UV inks differ?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information accurate?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Conservation.","layers":[{"id":"conservation","name":"Conservation","description":"Manuscript conservation.","findings":[{"id":"conservation-finding","name":"Conservation","description":"Conservation.","questions":[{"text":"How do conservators address iron gall ink corrosion?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits iron gall ink corrosion?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Ink safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What safety and disposal issues do inks raise?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the kinds of ink and how they are used for writing, drawing and printing.","Advise conservators on the general risk of iron gall ink to old paper."],"mustNot":["Treat iron gall manuscripts in ways that speed corrosion without a conservator's decision.","Leave inks or cartridges where children can swallow them.","Pour solvent inks down drains or burn them in the open.","Help forge documents, signatures or banknotes with ink."],"requiresHuman":["Any conservation treatment of a historical document."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Ink carries the written record; damage to manuscripts is irreversible.","Some inks contain solvents or heavy metals harmful to workers and water."],"affectedParties":["Children","Print and studio workers","Archives and their users"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or business that holds it; chemical safety rules govern industrial inks.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1570182","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"coating","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"printing","type":"related"},{"target":"paint","type":"related"},{"target":"toner","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ink","Wikidata: Q127418 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127418)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["iron gall ink use: from antiquity to 20th century note","carbon ink: soot-based, very stable note","registry parent: coating note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Coloured fluid for writing, drawing or printing","Art ink, iron gall ink, sepia, logwood ink, carbon ink, calligraphic ink","Paint has more binder and body; dye is soluble colourant; toner is a powder for laser printing; pigment is the colour particle","Coloured liquids or pastes, from black writing ink to coloured printing inks."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain composition and types","relay printing and conservation","describe named kinds","note safety"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Solvent and heavy metal exposure","Iron gall ink paper corrosion","Staining and ingestion by children"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Safety data sheet requirements","Restrictions on hazardous substances in inks","Archival ink and paper standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Writing, drawing and printing.","carbon and India inks","iron gall ink","dye and pigment inks","inkjet and UV-curable inks"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q127418: ink","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127418","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should iron gall ink be a separate entry?","How should conservation guidance be linked?","Should printing inks be separated from writing inks?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q127418/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q127418/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T01:54:20Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}