{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.case","code":"thing-q128234","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q128234/","name":"case","alternateNames":["Iḍāfah","adnominal case","local case","deep case","inherent case","cases of Russian nouns","Finnish noun case","marginal case"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QTY"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A grammatical category of nouns, pronouns and adjectives marking their function in a clause, such as nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and locative, expressed by inflection or particles.","purpose":"Let an agent handle grammatical case by language, case inventory, forms and usage, for learning and translation.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Marks grammatical function","Languages have from zero to dozens of cases","Expressed by inflection or adpositions","Legal case or container case are other senses"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"system","name":"System","description":"Case inventory.","layers":[{"id":"language","name":"Language","description":"Which language.","findings":[{"id":"language-finding","name":"Language","description":"Language.","questions":[{"text":"Which language is concerned, and how many cases does it have?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it nominative-accusative or ergative?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"names","name":"Names","description":"Case labels.","findings":[{"id":"names-finding","name":"Names","description":"Case names.","questions":[{"text":"What is this case called in this tradition?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What gloss abbreviation applies?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Declension.","layers":[{"id":"declension","name":"Declension","description":"Endings.","findings":[{"id":"declension-finding","name":"Declension","description":"Declension.","questions":[{"text":"What is the form of this word in this case?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which declension class does it belong to?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"irregular","name":"Irregular","description":"Exceptions.","findings":[{"id":"irregular-finding","name":"Irregular","description":"Irregular forms.","questions":[{"text":"Is the form irregular?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which reference grammar confirms it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"usage","name":"Usage","description":"When to use.","layers":[{"id":"governance","name":"Governance","description":"Verbs and prepositions.","findings":[{"id":"governance-finding","name":"Governance","description":"Case government.","questions":[{"text":"Which case does this verb or preposition require?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Are there exceptions?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"meaning","name":"Meaning","description":"Function.","findings":[{"id":"meaning-finding","name":"Meaning","description":"Case meaning.","questions":[{"text":"What meaning does the case express here?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How would it be rendered in English?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"other","name":"Other senses","description":"Legal, medical, container.","findings":[{"id":"other-finding","name":"Senses","description":"Other senses.","questions":[{"text":"Is a legal, medical or container case meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Study.","findings":[{"id":"learning-finding","name":"Learning","description":"Learning cases.","questions":[{"text":"How can learners master case usage?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which resources help?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Tag, analyse and generate the grammatical cases of a language correctly.","Explain case systems when teaching or translating."],"mustNot":["Apply one language's case rules to another without checking.","Mark a speaker's dialect or regional usage as wrong.","Present uncertain analyses of under-described languages as settled."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing language teaching material for a minority language."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Treating some speakers' grammar as incorrect can stigmatise them."],"affectedParties":["Speakers and learners of the language","Translators"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; it belongs to the language and its speakers.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q980357","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"grammatical category","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"noun and pronoun","type":"related","note":"words"},{"target":"linguistics","type":"related","note":"field"},{"target":"legal case","type":"related","note":"another sense"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.case","Wikidata: Q128234 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128234)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Case endings in declension tables","Case names such as genitive","Deep case is a semantic role concept","Word endings, particles or word order in text."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify the case of a word","decline nouns","learn case usage","translate case meanings"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mislabelling cases across traditions","Translating case literally"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Leipzig Glossing Rules abbreviations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Marking relationships between words in a sentence.","core cases: nominative, accusative, ergative, absolutive","oblique cases: genitive, dative","local cases: locative, ablative, allative","deep cases (semantic roles)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q128234: case","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128234","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Grammatical case","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should individual cases be separate entries?","How should case systems per language be linked?","How should other senses be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q128234/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q128234/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T07:03:19Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}