{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.nuclear-fusion","code":"thing-q13082","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13082/","name":"nuclear fusion","alternateNames":["cold fusion","pyroelectric fusion","deuterium-tritium fusion","neon-burning process","muon-catalyzed fusion","inertial confinement fusion","hydrogen fusion","deuterium burning","Pycnonuclear reaction","CNO cycle","proton–proton chain reaction","silicon-burning process"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, with energy released or absorbed depending on the nuclei and reaction involved; energy-releasing fusion powers the Sun and stars and is pursued for electricity through magnetic and inertial confinement research, while claims of cold fusion remain unconfirmed.","purpose":"Let an agent explain nuclear fusion in stars and in energy research accurately, distinguishing experimental milestones from commercial reality and flagging unconfirmed claims.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Atomic nuclei combine, and the reaction can release or absorb energy.","Fusion requires extreme temperature and pressure.","Energy-releasing fusion powers stars.","Fusion power is not yet commercial on Earth."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"physics","name":"Physics","description":"How it works.","layers":[{"id":"reaction","name":"Reaction","description":"Nuclei.","findings":[{"id":"reaction-finding","name":"Reaction","description":"Fusion reaction.","questions":[{"text":"Which nuclei fuse and what products and energy result?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What conditions are needed?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"stars","name":"Stars","description":"Stellar fusion.","findings":[{"id":"stars-finding","name":"Stars","description":"Stellar fusion.","questions":[{"text":"How does fusion power the Sun?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which reaction chains dominate?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Energy.","layers":[{"id":"approaches","name":"Approaches","description":"Confinement.","findings":[{"id":"approaches-finding","name":"Approaches","description":"Research approaches.","questions":[{"text":"How do magnetic and inertial confinement differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which facilities pursue each?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"milestones","name":"Milestones","description":"Results.","findings":[{"id":"milestones-finding","name":"Milestones","description":"Milestones.","questions":[{"text":"What milestone was reported, and what exactly was measured?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does it mean net electricity to the grid?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"claims","name":"Claims","description":"Evaluating news.","layers":[{"id":"verify","name":"Verify","description":"Peer review.","findings":[{"id":"verify-finding","name":"Verify","description":"Verification.","questions":[{"text":"Has the claimed result been peer reviewed and replicated?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which sources confirm it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"cold","name":"Cold fusion","description":"Unconfirmed.","findings":[{"id":"cold-finding","name":"Cold fusion","description":"Unconfirmed claims.","questions":[{"text":"Is a cold fusion or similar claim scientifically confirmed?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What do reviews conclude?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"comparison","name":"Comparison","description":"Energy context.","layers":[{"id":"fission","name":"Fission","description":"Differences.","findings":[{"id":"fission-finding","name":"Fission","description":"Fusion versus fission.","questions":[{"text":"How does fusion differ from fission in fuel, waste and safety?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which sources explain it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"timeline","name":"Timeline","description":"Commercial prospects.","findings":[{"id":"timeline-finding","name":"Timeline","description":"Commercial prospects.","questions":[{"text":"What do independent assessments say about timelines to commercial fusion?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How uncertain are they?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain fusion physics and the status of research from reliable sources.","Distinguish experimental results from claims of practical power generation."],"mustNot":["Present fusion power as commercially available when it is not.","Assist in designing or building nuclear weapons.","Overstate experimental results to attract investment.","Help evade controls on nuclear materials or technology."],"requiresHuman":["Any work with radioactive or controlled materials."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Fusion is linked to thermonuclear weapons and to hopes for clean energy.","Hype distorts energy policy and investment."],"affectedParties":["The public","Researchers","Investors"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the process; research facilities and nuclear regulators answer for experiments.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q12819913","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q238323","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"nuclear reaction","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"star","type":"related","note":"natural setting"},{"target":"ITER and other fusion experiments","type":"related","note":"research"},{"target":"nuclear fission","type":"related","note":"other reaction"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.nuclear-fusion","Wikidata: Q13082 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13082)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Tokamaks, stellarators and laser facilities","Deuterium-tritium reactions","Fission splits heavy nuclei instead","Not visible directly; seen as starlight, plasma glow in devices and research facilities."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain fusion reactions and conditions","describe research approaches","assess claims of breakthroughs against sources","compare with fission"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Overstating how close commercial fusion is","Repeating unconfirmed claims","Confusing fusion with fission"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Nuclear and radiation safety regulation for fusion facilities"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Understanding stars and a potential future energy source.","stellar nucleosynthesis","magnetic confinement fusion","inertial confinement fusion","deuterium-tritium fusion","unconfirmed approaches such as cold fusion"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13082: nuclear fusion","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13082","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Nuclear fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should confinement approaches be separate entries?","How should milestones be sourced?","How should unconfirmed claims be flagged?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13082/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13082/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T10:55:24Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}