{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.diaboleite","code":"thing-q13094","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13094/","name":"diaboleite","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Diaboleite is a rare blue secondary mineral with the ideal composition Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄, a lead-copper hydroxychloride that crystallizes in the tetragonal system.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify diaboleite, assess the condition and evidential quality of a specimen, and select justified analytical or conservation actions.","scope":{"in":["Diaboleite phase identity and supporting analytical evidence","Composition, impurities and separation of mineral grains from their matrix","Crystal structure, morphology and diagnostic observations","Occurrence, specimen provenance and natural versus anthropogenic origin","Alteration, sampling suitability and handling constraints"],"out":["Complete models of boleite, pseudoboleite, cumengeite and other neighbouring mineral species","Whole ore deposits, host rocks and slag assemblages","Mining, smelting and chemical synthesis processes","Collection ownership, commercial valuation and specimen trading","General lead toxicology and jurisdiction-wide chemical regulations"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Test grain-scale composition against ideal Pb2CuCl2(OH)4; a blue appearance or detection of lead and copper alone cannot establish identity. Formula reference: [Tsirlin et al.](https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.1837).","Require diffraction evidence consistent with tetragonal diaboleite, especially when boleite, pseudoboleite or cumengeite remains a candidate. Structural reference: [Tsirlin et al.](https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.1837).","Compare measured Pb:Cu:Cl proportions with the ideal 2:1:2 ratio, retaining analytical uncertainty and checking whether adjacent grains contributed to the signal.","Use a spatially resolved analysis to distinguish an individual diaboleite grain from a mixture of lead-bearing and copper-bearing phases that produces a misleading bulk composition."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"species-identity","name":"Species identity","description":"Establish what the diaboleite assignment refers to and which evidence supports it.","layers":[{"id":"chemical-identity","name":"Chemical identity","description":"Assess correspondence between the candidate grain and diaboleite composition.","findings":[{"id":"formula-agreement","name":"Formula agreement","description":"Record measured elemental proportions separately from ideal formula values and inferred hydroxyl content.","questions":[{"text":"Does the analysed grain support Pb:Cu:Cl proportions near 2:1:2 within stated uncertainty?","id":"formula-agreement-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which components, particularly hydrogen and hydroxyl, were measured directly and which were inferred?","id":"formula-agreement-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"competing-identifications","name":"Competing identifications","description":"Evaluate diaboleite against named alternative mineral assignments.","findings":[{"id":"alternative-exclusion","name":"Alternative exclusion","description":"Keep boleite, pseudoboleite, cumengeite and other plausible phases explicit until discriminating evidence resolves them.","questions":[{"text":"Which chemical or structural observation distinguishes this grain from each remaining candidate?","id":"alternative-exclusion-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the diaboleite identification apply to one grain, an aggregate or the entire specimen?","id":"alternative-exclusion-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"crystal-and-diagnostic-evidence","name":"Crystal and diagnostic evidence","description":"Connect structural identification with observations that can be made on the available specimen.","layers":[{"id":"diffraction-evidence","name":"Diffraction evidence","description":"Evaluate the quality and specificity of the structural match.","findings":[{"id":"diaboleite-pattern-match","name":"Diaboleite pattern match","description":"Record the reference structure, measured pattern and unresolved reflections supporting or challenging the assignment.","questions":[{"text":"Which published diaboleite structure or reference pattern was compared with the measurement?","id":"diaboleite-pattern-match-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Can the reflections be indexed consistently as diaboleite, and which require another phase or remain unexplained?","id":"diaboleite-pattern-match-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"specimen-observations","name":"Specimen observations","description":"Record morphology and optical evidence without assigning them undue diagnostic weight.","findings":[{"id":"observable-diagnostic-support","name":"Observable diagnostic support","description":"Distinguish observations on the candidate grain from effects of coatings, matrix and lighting.","questions":[{"text":"What habit, colour, transparency and cleavage features are actually observable on the candidate grain?","id":"observable-diagnostic-support-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which additional observation could reduce identification uncertainty without consuming or damaging the grain?","id":"observable-diagnostic-support-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"phase-purity-and-sampling","name":"Phase purity and sampling","description":"Determine what material a measurement represents and whether a usable diaboleite fraction can be isolated.","layers":[{"id":"grain-matrix-separation","name":"Grain-matrix separation","description":"Resolve candidate crystals, inclusions, coatings and adjacent phases.","findings":[{"id":"analytical-volume-ownership","name":"Analytical volume ownership","description":"Assess whether each measurement sampled diaboleite alone or a composite volume.","questions":[{"text":"How do the analysed spot size and interaction depth compare with the diaboleite grain dimensions?","id":"analytical-volume-ownership-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which inclusions, coatings or adjacent phases could contribute lead, copper or chlorine to this analysis?","id":"analytical-volume-ownership-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"measurement-suitability","name":"Measurement suitability","description":"Qualify material for the particular property or analytical question being investigated.","findings":[{"id":"representative-sample-selection","name":"Representative sample selection","description":"Relate phase fraction, grain variability and sample preparation to the proposed measurement.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence establishes the diaboleite fraction and variability of the selected material?","id":"representative-sample-selection-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Can the required measurement use the intact grain, or does isolation or powdering require sacrificing documented specimen features?","id":"representative-sample-selection-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"occurrence-and-origin","name":"Occurrence and origin","description":"Preserve evidence for where and how the candidate diaboleite formed.","layers":[{"id":"origin-attribution","name":"Origin attribution","description":"Separate demonstrated formation context from inherited specimen labels.","findings":[{"id":"formation-context-evidence","name":"Formation context evidence","description":"Record whether natural mineralization, anthropogenic substrate or laboratory production is evidenced.","questions":[{"text":"What field, collection or production record establishes the specimen's origin?","id":"formation-context-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the origin documented as natural, slag-derived or synthetic, or does it remain unresolved?","id":"formation-context-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"assemblage-relations","name":"Assemblage relations","description":"Describe the relationship between diaboleite and associated material.","findings":[{"id":"growth-and-replacement-relations","name":"Growth and replacement relations","description":"Separate simple coexistence from evidence of growth sequence or replacement.","questions":[{"text":"Which identified phases touch, enclose, underlie or coat the candidate diaboleite?","id":"growth-and-replacement-relations-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What textures support an inferred growth or replacement sequence, rather than merely an association?","id":"growth-and-replacement-relations-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"condition-and-permitted-interventions","name":"Condition and permitted interventions","description":"Assess specimen integrity and the evidence needed before physical or chemical intervention.","layers":[{"id":"alteration-and-treatment","name":"Alteration and treatment","description":"Track changes that may compromise identification or preservation.","findings":[{"id":"surface-change-assessment","name":"Surface change assessment","description":"Record observed changes and treatment history before attributing them to mineral instability.","questions":[{"text":"Have cracking, colour change, new coatings or loss of material occurred since a documented baseline?","id":"surface-change-assessment-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence supports compatibility of a proposed cleaning liquid, adhesive or thermal treatment with this diaboleite specimen?","id":"surface-change-assessment-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"handling-and-regulatory-evidence","name":"Handling and regulatory evidence","description":"Connect the proposed operation and material form to an applicable handling assessment.","findings":[{"id":"operation-specific-constraints","name":"Operation-specific constraints","description":"Distinguish intact display material from powder, analytical residue or solution, and retain the basis for any assigned restrictions.","questions":[{"text":"Will the proposed operation generate particles, detached fragments or dissolved material, and what documented controls apply?","id":"operation-specific-constraints-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which verified chemical identity, safety assessment and jurisdiction support any assigned classification or disposal requirement?","id":"operation-specific-constraints-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of diaboleite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify diaboleite specimens from documented features and analysis.","Report locality and provenance from the collector's or museum's records."],"mustNot":["Misstate a specimen's locality or provenance to raise its value.","Collect specimens from protected sites or private land without permission.","Handle or prepare lead-bearing specimens in food areas or without hygiene measures."],"requiresHuman":["Removing specimens from a site or collection."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rare mineral localities are limited heritage; over-collecting depletes them.","Lead content poses a hidden risk to collectors and children."],"affectedParties":["Collectors","Children in collectors' households","Landowners"]},"owners":{"steward":"The collector or museum that holds a specimen; landowners and heritage authorities for sites.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q47007265","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q729283","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.diaboleite","Wikidata: Q13094 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13094)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ideal composition: Pb2CuCl2(OH)4","Measured grain composition: Element mass fractions in wt%; atomic proportions per formula unit; uncertainty and detection limits","Crystallographic match: Indexed symmetry; unit-cell dimensions in Å; diffraction residuals and unmatched reflections","Diaboleite phase fraction: wt% with method and uncertainty, or not quantified","Grain morphology and integrity: Habit; dimensions in mm or µm; attached or detached; intact, fractured or friable","Occurrence attribution: Locality, host material, associated phases and supporting collection or field record","Identification confidence: Unverified label; visual candidate; chemically supported; structurally supported; corroborated; disputed","Treatment and alteration history: Observed surface changes; cleaning agents; coatings; thermal and liquid exposure; dates or unknown"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Deep blue tabular crystals.","Found with other secondary lead and copper minerals.","Confirmation requires analytical testing."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assess whether a labelled grain has sufficient evidence for identification as diaboleite.","Select complementary diffraction and chemical measurements to resolve competing identifications.","Map diaboleite grains, intergrowths and matrix before selecting analytical material.","Qualify a specimen for imaging, structural study or composition-dependent experiments.","Plan and document sampling, mounting or cleaning against specimen-specific evidence.","Link uncertain assignments to unresolved tests while preserving the original specimen record."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Lead exposure from handling or dust.","Specimen damage from careless cleaning."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mineral nomenclature guidelines issued by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification apply to the recognized name and species status of diaboleite."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Diaboleite is encountered as a rare secondary mineral in oxidized lead and copper deposits and in some weathered metallurgical slags.","Specimens are used in mineral collections and research on mineral identification, crystal chemistry and secondary mineral formation."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q13094: diaboleite","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13094","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Diaboleite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaboleite","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["What validated combination of diffraction and microscale chemistry reliably separates diaboleite from related phases in very small intergrowths?","Which compositional deviations represent intrinsic substitution or defects, and which indicate analytical contamination or another phase?","What experimentally supported humidity, solution chemistry and temperature ranges preserve diaboleite, and what alteration products form outside them?","Which physical constants have sufficiently documented specimen purity and measurement conditions to serve as reliable identification references?","Do verified CAS, EC or PubChem identifiers and substance-specific hazard records exist for diaboleite, and how should natural specimens and synthetic material be distinguished when applying them?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13094/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13094/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:08:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}