{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.raisin","code":"thing-q13186","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13186/","name":"raisin","alternateNames":["golden raisin","Garmiyon","Pàssula","sultana","Malaga Raisins PDO"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A dried grape: the dried berry of Vitis vinifera, produced by sun-drying, shade-drying or mechanical drying of grapes such as Thompson Seedless (sultanas) or Muscat; eaten as a snack and used in baking and cooking. The small dried currant type (Black Corinth) is a related product excluded from the Codex raisin standard.","purpose":"Let an agent describe raisins, varieties, production, nutrition and safety, from food sources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Golden raisins are often treated with sulphur dioxide to keep their colour.","Zante currants are dried Black Corinth grapes, not Ribes currants.","Raisins and grapes are toxic to dogs."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"product","name":"Product","description":"Which raisin.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Variety and naming.","findings":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Name and grape.","questions":[{"text":"Which type?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"From which grape?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Region.","findings":[{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Country or PDO.","questions":[{"text":"Where produced?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Protected designation?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"processing","name":"Processing","description":"Drying.","layers":[{"id":"drying","name":"Drying","description":"Method.","findings":[{"id":"drying","name":"Drying","description":"Method.","questions":[{"text":"How was it dried?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per which source?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"treatment","name":"Treatment","description":"Additives.","findings":[{"id":"additive","name":"Additive","description":"Name.","questions":[{"text":"Was sulphur dioxide or oil used?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per the label?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"nutrition","name":"Nutrition","description":"Composition.","layers":[{"id":"nutrients","name":"Nutrients","description":"Values.","findings":[{"id":"nutrients","name":"Nutrients","description":"Values per 100 g.","questions":[{"text":"What is the composition?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Per which database?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"contaminants","name":"Contaminants","description":"Limits.","findings":[{"id":"contaminant","name":"Contaminant","description":"Level and limit.","questions":[{"text":"Which contaminant levels?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Per which limit?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Risks.","layers":[{"id":"pets","name":"Pets","description":"Dogs.","findings":[{"id":"pet-risk","name":"Pet risk","description":"Description.","questions":[{"text":"Is it toxic to pets?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per which veterinary source?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"allergens","name":"Allergens","description":"Sulphites.","findings":[{"id":"allergen","name":"Allergen","description":"Label.","questions":[{"text":"Are sulphites declared?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Under which law?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["describe food and safety"],"mustNot":["give medical advice"],"requiresHuman":["pet poisoning to veterinarians"]},"ethics":{"considerations":["food safety"],"affectedParties":["consumers","pet owners"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody; a food","roles":[],"masterSystems":["national food composition databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q234901","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"grape","type":"related","note":"fruit"},{"target":"dried fruit","type":"related","note":"food"},{"target":"Zante currant","type":"related","note":"related dried-grape product"},{"target":"sulfur dioxide","type":"related","note":"preservative"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.raisin","Wikidata: Q13186 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13186)","HS code: 0806.20 dried grapes"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["maximum moisture (Codex): 18 % - 19% for seeded styles, 31% for Malaga Muscatel"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Wrinkled dried grapes","Small wrinkled dried berries, dark brown to golden."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe varieties and naming (raisin, sultana, currant)","explain drying methods","give nutrition data from food databases","explain safety issues such as toxicity to dogs"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Toxicity to dogs","Sulphite sensitivity","Ochratoxin A contamination"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Codex Alimentarius Standard for Raisins (CXS 67-1981)","UNECE standard DDP-11 for dried grapes","EU sulphite allergen labelling (Regulation 1169/2011)"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food.","natural sun-dried raisins","golden raisins","sultanas","Muscat raisins","seedless and seeded types","cluster presentation","protected origin raisins (such as Malaga raisins PDO)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Q13186","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13186","note":"identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks"},{"title":"Raisin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raisin","note":"general description of the subject"},{"title":"Standard for Raisins, CXS 67-1981","url":"https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXS+67-1981%2FCXS_067e.pdf","note":"Scope, currant exclusion, species, processing, types, styles, moisture maxima and sulphur dioxide treatment."},{"title":"Dry and Dried Produce - Standards","url":"https://unece.org/trade/wp7/DDP-Standards","note":"DDP-11 is the UNECE standard for dried grapes."},{"title":"Preparing Dried Fruits","url":"https://archive.unesco-ichcap.org/eng/ek/sub2017_7/pdf_down/5.%20KNOWLEDGE%20AND%20PRACTICES%20CONCERNING%20NATURE%20AND%20THE%20UNIVERSE/0.%20Knowledge%20and%20practices%20concerning%20nature%20and%20the%20universe.pdf","note":"Garmiyon as a traditional Uzbek raisin-making method."},{"title":"Passola","url":"https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/passola/","note":"Lexical evidence for passula/passola; cautions against treating the merged name as an established cultivar."},{"title":"Potentially Dangerous Items for Your Pet","url":"https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/potentially-dangerous-items-your-pet","note":"Grapes and raisins as pet food hazards."},{"title":"The European market potential for dried grapes","url":"https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/processed-fruit-vegetables-edible-nuts/dried-grapes/market-potential","note":"HS 080620, distinction between currants and sultanas, food uses and Pasas de Malaga PDO."}],"openQuestions":["The registry merges Garmiyon (a raisin-making method) and Passula (a regional word); their relation needs checking before linking."],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q13186/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q13186/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-22T12:45:01Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-22T12:54:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 6 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}