{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.testosterone","code":"thing-q1318776","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1318776/","name":"testosterone","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Testosterone is the principal circulating C19 androgen (17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) secreted mainly by testicular Leydig cells, with lesser ovarian-theca and adrenal production, that signals through the androgen receptor and, after 5α-reduction or aromatization, through dihydrotestosterone and estradiol pathways to drive male sexual differentiation, secondary sex characteristics, support of spermatogenesis, and anabolic effects on muscle, bone and red-cell mass.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to identify testosterone, assess the reliability and condition of a particular occurrence, and determine which measurement, handling or use actions its evidence supports.","scope":{"in":["Molecular identity and evidence distinguishing testosterone from related steroids","Occurrences in biological specimens, reference materials, bulk substances and formulations","Amount, concentration, purity and the basis on which each is reported","Biological binding fraction and evidence about endogenous or introduced origin","Material integrity, analytical suitability and supported handling or use decisions"],"out":["Diagnosis and management of endocrine conditions","Patient-specific prescribing, dosing and treatment monitoring","Whole-organism endocrine regulation and reproductive development","Complete models of testosterone esters, metabolites and other androgens","Finished medicinal product manufacture, delivery-device operation and inventory","Determination of a person's sex, gender, fertility or athletic eligibility"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Match the complete stereochemical structure, rather than the name or molecular formula alone: testosterone is the 17β-hydroxy, 3-oxo steroid with a C4-C5 double bond. [PubChem testosterone identity](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Testosterone)","Require identity evidence capable of resolving the relevant neighbouring steroid, including epitestosterone, dihydrotestosterone or androstenedione, before treating an analytical signal as testosterone.","Check whether the named material is unesterified testosterone, a testosterone ester or a formulation containing either; record any testosterone-equivalent quantity separately from the actual compound quantity.","Distinguish a testosterone molecule or material from a reported testosterone result: total, free and other operationally defined fractions must retain their measurement definitions.","Separate molecular identity from origin: identifying testosterone does not by itself establish whether it was produced biologically or introduced."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"testosterone-identity","name":"Testosterone identity","description":"Establish what chemical entity a testosterone reference actually denotes.","layers":[{"id":"stereochemical-recognition","name":"Stereochemical recognition","description":"Resolve the claimed substance against a complete testosterone reference structure.","findings":[{"id":"identity-supported","name":"Identity supported","description":"Record the reference identity, observed evidence and remaining chemical ambiguity.","questions":[{"text":"Which stereochemical structure and authoritative identifiers define testosterone in this record?","id":"identity-supported-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes this occurrence from epitestosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione and other plausible interferents?","id":"identity-supported-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"parent-derivative-boundary","name":"Parent and derivative boundary","description":"Separate testosterone itself from linked derivatives and testosterone-equivalent reporting.","findings":[{"id":"chemical-form-resolved","name":"Chemical form resolved","description":"Identify the actual compound represented by a label or quantity without creating an unsupported registry split.","questions":[{"text":"Does the record denote unesterified testosterone, an ester, another derivative or a mixture containing testosterone?","id":"chemical-form-resolved-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"If a quantity is expressed as testosterone equivalent, which actual compound, conversion basis and evidence support it?","id":"chemical-form-resolved-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"testosterone-occurrence","name":"Testosterone occurrence","description":"Locate the substance in a specific material or biological setting and qualify its attributed origin.","layers":[{"id":"matrix-and-carrier","name":"Matrix and carrier","description":"Specify where testosterone occurs and what the record's quantity describes.","findings":[{"id":"occurrence-anchored","name":"Occurrence anchored","description":"Link testosterone to its specimen, lot or formulation and preserve the relevant sampling context.","questions":[{"text":"Which specimen, material lot or formulation contains the testosterone, and in which matrix or carrier?","id":"occurrence-anchored-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the quantity describe the original material, a sampled aliquot, an extract or a prepared dilution?","id":"occurrence-anchored-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"origin-evidence","name":"Origin evidence","description":"Represent biological production or introduction as an evidence-dependent attribution.","findings":[{"id":"origin-qualified","name":"Origin qualified","description":"Separate established identity from claims about how testosterone entered the material or organism.","questions":[{"text":"What manufacturing, administration, sampling or analytical evidence supports the claimed origin of this testosterone?","id":"origin-qualified-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Can the available evidence distinguish endogenous, introduced and mixed contributions, or must origin remain unresolved?","id":"origin-qualified-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"testosterone-measurement","name":"Testosterone measurement","description":"Define the measured quantity and establish whether the result is analytically usable.","layers":[{"id":"measurand-and-fraction","name":"Measurand and fraction","description":"Make the testosterone quantity, biological fraction and preparation basis explicit.","findings":[{"id":"quantity-defined","name":"Quantity defined","description":"Preserve what was measured and distinguish direct observations from calculated values.","questions":[{"text":"Is the result total testosterone, free testosterone, explicitly defined bioavailable testosterone or another specified quantity?","id":"quantity-defined-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What units, matrix, preparation steps and direct-measurement or calculation basis define the reported value?","id":"quantity-defined-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"selectivity-and-comparability","name":"Selectivity and comparability","description":"Assess whether an assay supports identification, quantification and comparison in the stated setting.","findings":[{"id":"result-qualified","name":"Result qualified","description":"Attach calibration, interference, uncertainty and comparability evidence to the testosterone result.","questions":[{"text":"What testosterone calibration traceability, matrix validation, interference assessment and quantification limits support this result?","id":"result-qualified-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do fraction, method, collection time, exposure timing and reference-population context permit the proposed comparison?","id":"result-qualified-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"testosterone-biological-relations","name":"Testosterone biological relations","description":"Record binding and transformation relationships needed to interpret a biological occurrence.","layers":[{"id":"binding-distribution","name":"Binding distribution","description":"Connect a testosterone fraction to the binding observations or assumptions supporting it.","findings":[{"id":"fraction-evidence-linked","name":"Fraction evidence linked","description":"Expose the evidence and assumptions behind free, bound or bioavailable assignments.","questions":[{"text":"Which SHBG, albumin or other binding measurements are linked to this testosterone occurrence?","id":"fraction-evidence-linked-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"If a testosterone fraction is calculated, which equation, input measurements and applicability evidence support the estimate?","id":"fraction-evidence-linked-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"conversion-and-effect-boundaries","name":"Conversion and effect boundaries","description":"Link testosterone to investigated metabolites and biological responses without treating them as the same thing.","findings":[{"id":"biological-inference-bounded","name":"Biological inference bounded","description":"Distinguish measured testosterone from evidence of conversion, receptor activity or downstream response.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence supports any claimed conversion involving testosterone, dihydrotestosterone or estradiol in this biological context?","id":"biological-inference-bounded-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which proposed conclusions require separate metabolite, receptor, tissue or organism evidence beyond this testosterone measurement?","id":"biological-inference-bounded-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"testosterone-fitness-and-actions","name":"Testosterone fitness and actions","description":"Connect material condition and applicable authority to a specific proposed action.","layers":[{"id":"content-and-integrity","name":"Content and integrity","description":"Assess testosterone content and condition against requirements for the intended use.","findings":[{"id":"fitness-supported","name":"Fitness supported","description":"Record assay basis, relevant impurities and condition evidence without assuming one specification fits every occurrence.","questions":[{"text":"What testosterone content, impurity profile and acceptance specification apply to this material and intended use?","id":"fitness-supported-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do documented storage, preparation, container and handling conditions support continued suitability, or require reassessment?","id":"fitness-supported-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"use-and-handling-authority","name":"Use and handling authority","description":"Resolve the prerequisites for acting on the particular testosterone material.","findings":[{"id":"next-action-grounded","name":"Next action grounded","description":"Identify supported actions and link medicinal or regulated decisions to the models and authorities that own them.","questions":[{"text":"Which current safety information, product instructions and jurisdiction-specific requirements apply to the proposed testosterone handling or use?","id":"next-action-grounded-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the evidence support analysis, preparation, transfer or disposal, or require quarantine, further testing or referral to an authorised decision-maker?","id":"next-action-grounded-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of testosterone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain testosterone's role in the body from medical sources.","Help a person find medical care for hormone concerns."],"mustNot":["Advise on obtaining or using testosterone without a prescription.","Help athletes dope or evade anti-doping tests.","Make claims about a person's hormone levels from appearance or behaviour.","Use testosterone to justify stereotypes about sex or gender."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision about hormone therapy for a person.","Handling hormone test results in sport eligibility cases."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hormone levels are used in sport eligibility rules that affect athletes' dignity and careers.","Unsupervised use carries real health risks."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Athletes","Transgender and intersex people"]},"owners":{"steward":"The prescriber for medical use; anti-doping and medicines authorities regulate access.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q49847565","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.testosterone","Wikidata: Q1318776 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318776)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Molecular identity evidence: Reference structure and identifiers linked to identity-test evidence","Occurrence context: Bulk substance; reference material; biological specimen; formulation constituent; other specified matrix","Chemical form represented: Unesterified testosterone; linked derivative; testosterone-equivalent reporting; unresolved","Amount or concentration: Amount in mol or mg; concentration in nmol/L, ng/dL or a stated matrix-appropriate unit","Reported biological fraction: Total; free; bioavailable with explicit definition; specified bound fraction; unspecified; not applicable","Measurement uncertainty and limits: Uncertainty in result units or percent; detection and quantification limits in result units","Testosterone purity or content: Mass fraction or percent with assay basis; chromatographic area percent recorded separately","Binding context: Links to SHBG, albumin and other specified binding observations or calculation inputs","Origin attribution: Endogenous supported; introduced supported; mixed supported; unresolved","Integrity and suitability: Supported for specified use; assessment pending; compromised; rejected"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Injectable vials, gels or patches labelled with the active substance."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a testosterone label against a stereochemical reference and flag unresolved related compounds.","Normalize testosterone quantities while preserving matrix, fraction, units and derivative-equivalence assumptions.","Select or request an identity or quantification method suitable for the matrix and expected concentration.","Assess a specimen, reference standard or material lot for a specified analytical or handling purpose.","Trace binding, conversion and origin claims to supporting observations and neighbouring models.","Route proposed handling or use through the applicable product, laboratory or clinical authority."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misuse can cause heart problems, infertility and mood changes.","Gels can transfer to children or partners through skin contact."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["World Anti-Doping Code Prohibited List, World Anti-Doping Agency."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Testosterone occurs naturally in the body and is encountered in biological samples, laboratory reference materials and medicinal preparations.","Its measurement supports assessment of androgen production and endocrine function in clinical and research settings.","Medicinal testosterone is used under clinical supervision for specific diagnosed conditions requiring androgen replacement."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (Bhasin et al.). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Endocrine Society, 2018.","url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00229","note":"Clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism, formulation classes, monitoring (hematocrit, PSA, fertility), and major labelled risks of testosterone therapy."},{"title":"Harmonized Reference Ranges for Circulating Testosterone Levels in Men of Four Cohort Studies in the United States and Europe (Travison et al.). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Endocrine Society, 2017.","url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2935","note":"CDC-standardized adult-male total-testosterone reference interval used in measurements."},{"title":"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6013, Testosterone. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6013","note":"CAS, UNII, InChIKey, molecular formula/mass and other substance identifiers."},{"title":"World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List, class S1 Anabolic Agents. World Anti-Doping Agency.","url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list","note":"Status of testosterone and its esters as prohibited anabolic agents and the doping-control context (including T/E ratio follow-up)."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q131877 (testosterone). Wikimedia Foundation / Wikidata.","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","note":"Crosswalk among CAS, ChEBI, DrugBank, ATC and related identifiers."},{"title":"Testosterone Information (product class page and related drug-safety communications). U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","url":"","note":"U.S. approved uses, secondary dermal-transfer warnings, and cardiovascular/hematocrit labelling for testosterone products."},{"title":"Controlled substance schedules: anabolic steroids including testosterone and its esters, Schedule III. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration / Controlled Substances Act.","url":"","note":"U.S. legal control of testosterone as an anabolic steroid."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q1318776: testosterone","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318776","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Testosterone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does an existing Vercy world model already own testosterone, requiring this registry entry to link to it rather than receive a separate publication?","How should isotope-labelled testosterone reference materials be represented within this entry while respecting existing registry granularity?","Which authoritative measurement procedures and traceability requirements should govern each supported matrix and testosterone fraction?","Which context-specific evidence is sufficient to attribute endogenous, introduced or mixed testosterone origin, and what uncertainty must remain explicit?","Which validated storage, impurity and fitness criteria apply to each material form and intended use, and which belong in linked product or specimen models?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q1318776/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q1318776/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T15:13:49Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:25+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 5 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}